Two schemes of using a long period fiber grating(LPFG) for simultaneous discriminating measurement of temperature and refractive index are proposed.The schemes are based on the spectrum characteristics of the long period grating. The spectrum is composed of multiple and different loss peaks.The sensitivities of the peaks are different, and the logarithm of the light intensity in an approximate linear region near the resonant wavelength is linear when the temperature and refractive index change, so is the resonant wavelength.With detailed theory and numerical simulation,it proves the feasibility. The sensor with a long period grating is less sensitive than the other sensors with complex structure. It has good application prospect because of the simple demodulation,attractive price and smaller size.

A novel operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with high and variable gain, by introducing the current multiplication and distribution technology, is proposed to solve the problem of obtaining high and tunable gain operational amplifier in a low voltage and deep sub-micron process. Under the supply voltage of 1.8 V, the OTA is simulated by Spectre in 0.18 μm standard COMS technology. Results show that the OTA gets a DC open loop tunable gain from 61 dB to 91 dB, maximum static power consumption of 434 μW and minimum common mode rejection ratio of 114 dB. Compared with traditional OTA, the proposed OTA has the advantages of high and variable gain, it can be applied to communication, electronic measurement and automatic control systems.

An extended Kalman filter(EKF) speed estimation method based on improved Particle Swarm Optimization(IPSO) is proposed to solve the problem that the estimation of system noise matrix and measurement noise matrix are difficult to obtain accurately when EKF is used to estimate the speed in the sensorless speed direct torque control(DTC) system of permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSM). This method combines the advantages of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms. Simulation results show that the IPSO Kalman filter can find the optimum solution more quickly when it is applied to the optimization of Kalman filter system noise matrix and measurement noise matrix comparing with genetic algorithms and standard particle swarm optimization.

According to the sub-areas division problems for urban traffic signal control, this paper uses group decision making theory and support vector machine algorithm and considers four factors such as the distance between adjacent intersections, road traffic saturation and signal timing parameters and then proposes “separation/merge factor” concept to represent judgment basis for sub-area division and establishes coordinated control model for sub-area division. Finally, an example is analyzed and programming calculation with MATLAB is introduced to described the dynamic division process of cont rolling sub-area.

This paper mainly describes the basic principle of LIF technology and its application in water source identification, and analyzes the structure of LIF technology and design of the main components. Through fluorescence experiment with water samples of one mine in the LIF system, the fluorescence spectra of the unknown samples was obtained. Traditional water source identification is mainly based to the ion concentration representative of the water, but it is hard to analyze the ion concentration of the water with the fluorescence spectrum. This paper proposes a more simple and practical method for precise water source identification with fluorescence spectrum, which corresponding analysis software is used to measure the Euclidean distance between unknown water samples and standard samples and then get an accurate classification of the unknown samples. Water source identification for unknown samples verifies the feasibility of the LIF system, and solves the problem that the current coal mine can’t have a better, real-time and online monitoring on water inrush, which is of great significance for coal mine safety in production.

Providing timely and accurate evaluation of flood disaster loss to relevant department has important significance for reducing the impact of the flood. This paper,uses a simulation of a township as a flood zone and access to information from remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis techniques to evaluate flood damage quickly and efficiently for characterizing the specific amount of money lost in the economy, and proposes a disaster rapid statistical evaluation model to quickly and accurately assess and analyze the disaster. Through the research, this paper puts forward a fast statistical evaluation model of flood disaster.Due to the limited information available, the next step of this research work will apply this method to the statistics of actual flood area and offer the decision basis for related departments.

Aiming at the problem that the moving target contour profile gotten by the motion detection algorithm is incomplete,inaccurate and so on,this paper presents a reliable extraction algorithm of moving objects based on the vibe algorithm and improved active contour model. In this article, the coarse position of moving targets is quiskly located with vible algorithm, combined with the improved active contour model, the real-time contour of moving targets can be extracted. The improved active contour model has good model initialization conditions. As to abtain the accurate contour of the moving object and meet the real-time requirement. The experimental results show that the algorithm can extract veliable and real-time contour of the moving object.

The document selection related to brain information based on the data-brain ontology not only has an important significance in the promotion of data-brain ontology, but also lays the foundation for knowledge integration. However, traditional research of document selection only focuses on the concept, and cannot meet the requirement of the systematic Brain Informatics study. This paper analyzes the characteristics of source knowledge firstly with concepts, attributes and relations. Then, the weight of documents by using the improved method of Vector Space Model is calculated. Finally, experimental results between the weight of each document and experts’ judgement are basically the same by using real documents associated with brain science. The correlation coefficient is 0.975 346.

Combined with Chinese grammar, this paper proposes a new method of analyzing the dependency relation ship of interrogative sentences, which is different from the traditional analysis method of the interrogative sentence based on the frame. With this method, the semantic of the sentence and the restrict between the word of the sentence is extracted and the comprehension of the interrogative sentence on the search query of domain ontology knowledge base is obtained. The method includes five parts: recognizing the named entity, classifying the interrogative sentence, preprocessing the interrogative sentence( including participle, speech tagging and parse), extracting the focus of the sentence, and extracting the semantic and restrict. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is validated by the experiment.

Based on in-depth analysis of the temporal and spatial characteristics of the geographical entity, by abstracting and standardizing the geographical entity,this paper puts forword a reasoning prediction method according to the characteristics of complex geographical entity. The method focused on the predictive inference theory, model method and procedure of RBF network learning method based on temporal information of geographic entities. Through the abstract description and standardization of geographical entity object, hypersurface temporal information fusion is established. Using the strong nonlinear fitting ability of RBF neural network, a prediction and inference model is constructed with integration of a complex geographical entity with time, space and attribute information. And The method, by predicting the content of the dissloved oxygen (DO) in Lijiang River in Yangshuo section as an example, is proved to be feasible. This method provides an effective way for the intelligent decision and reasoning of spatiotemporal data processing.

A graph Γ is called 1-regular if its full automorphism group Aut (Γ) acts regularly on its arcs. In this paper, a complete classifcation for 1-regular Cayley graphs of valency 9 with the vertex stabilizer being elementary abelian is presented. It is proved that there exists only one core-free 1-regular Cayley graphs of valency 9 with an elementary abelian vertex stabilizer.

Let I_X be the symmetric inverse semigroup on the finite set X and E an equivalence on X. Let I_E^*(X)={f∈I_X:for arbitrary elements x,y ∈dom(f),(x,y)∈E if and only if (f(x),f(y))∈E}. Then I_E^*(X) forms an inverse subsemigroup of I_X. If X is a totally ordered set and E is convex equivalence on X,then let OPI_E^*(X) be a semigroup consisting of all preserving orientation partial one-one transformations in I_E^*(X). It is a new class of semigroup and its research is difficult and complicated. By studying it,some new structure and properties of semigroups are explored. Green’s relations on OPI_E^*(X) are described in this paper.

In this paper, the main properties of the dual q-matrix Q^* of the generalized birth-death matrix Q were discussed. According to these properties, the digital descriptions of Q^* is strong zero-entrance and zero-exit were found respectively. Following conclusions were got: Q is strong zero-entrance if and only if Q^* is zero-exit; Q is zero-exit if and only if Q^* is strong zero-entrance. Thus the relation between Q and Q^* were found. Besides, the main properties of the minimal Q^*-function were discussed, and the following conclusion was got, under certain conditions, the dual of the minimal Q-function is the minimal Q^*-function exactly.

Response surface method (RSM) is applied to optimize the extraction of alkaloids from Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. & Thomson. Based on single experiment, hydrochloric acid concentration, liquid-solid ratio and extracting temperature are selected for designing, the extraction yield of alkaloids as response value. Box-Benhnken central combination experiment is used to set a mathematical model for response surface analysis. The results of RSM show that the optimal extraction conditions are: hydrochloric acid concentration is 3.7%, liquid-solid ratio is 38∶1, and extracting temperature is 56 ℃. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of alkaloids is up to 1.18%.

Ten compounds, including stearic acid (1), palmitic acid (2), myristic acid (3), methyl decanoate (4), ergosterol (5), fusanolide B (6), succinic acid (7), curvulalide (8), modiolide A (9) and neoechinulin A (10), were isolated from the metabolites of a soft coral Sinularia sp. endophytic fungus Ta31-2. Their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods. Compounds 8 and 10 were isolated from soft coral firstly, and 6 was isolated from marine fungi for the first time.

In this paper, a principal component analysis method was applied to test and evaluate the relationship between trace elements and quality of 12 commonly used Chinese herbal medicines for promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis. The method described 3 principal components and related equations according to impact factor scores of the components, which was used to evaluate the qualities of 12 herbs integrately. The results provide predominant scientific basis for development and application of herb medicines.

In order to investigate the degradation and the degradation time of degradable polyethylene(PE) film residues after removing the visual pollution into the soil, it is necessary to establish the method of separation and recovery PE residues from soil. PE wax powders (PEW, M_w=5 000) was taken as simulated PE residue, and then they were extracted in soil through the Soxhlet apparatus extraction method on the high-temperature by using mixed solvent (V_heptane∶V_xylene =1∶4). The PEW samples were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC), thermal analyzer (DSC) after the separation. The effection of the extraction time and soil types on the molecular structure and thermal properties of PEW were studied. At the same time, the molecular weight of the PEW after buried 1~3 years were determinated by the root cellar experiment. The results showed that the extraction rate increases with extraction time, and it reaches the maximum after 2.5 h (92.5%). The FT-IR spectra illustrates that the molecular structure of PEW is not destroyed during the extraction, but the extraction time has a certain influence on the crystallization of PEW which its melting temperature and crystallization temperature were raised by 1~3 ℃, respectively. The extraction time does not have much influence on average molecular of PEW, but it makes the molecular weight distribution narrow. The PEW recovery is independent of soil type. The root cellar experiment results show that the extraction method can be used to evaluate the degradation of actual PEW residue in soil and assess the total degradation time of PE after long-term tracking down.

Concentration and chemical species analyses of heavy metals (Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd) in the soils were carried out, which were collected from different areas in Guiping manganese mine, Guangxi. The results showed that the six heavy metal elements in the soils exceeded the soil background contents, and Mn and Cd were the main pollutants. Mn was mainly in form of Fe-Mn oxides, which accounted for 73.11%~92.67% of the total. Pb was mainly in forms of exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxides and residual, which accounted for 28.96%~46.59%, 15.74%~38.62% and 18.72%~36.94% of the total respectively. Speciation distributions of Zn and Cu were similar. Both of them were in forms of residual, accounting for 61.75%~80.01% and 62.75%~85.67% respectively. As the second important form, it was dominated by Fe-Mn oxides phase, and accounted for 7.34%~18.68% and 8.17%~22.93% respectively. Cr in the soils was dominated by residual, and accounted for 74.89%~85.87%. Species distribution of Cd was relatively uniform with the largest proportion of exchangeable form, which accounted for 28.24%~36.00%. According to comprehensive analysis of the results of heavy metal concentration and chemical species, it was found that Mn and Cd have greater potential impact on the ecosystem of Guiping manganese mine.

The noninvasive technique of gonadal steroid metabolite measurement in feces for evaluation of reproductive activity has been studied on many species, but few studies have been used in reptile species. In this study, fecal samples were collected from ten Shinisaurus crocodiluruses (five males and five females) in Luokeng Nature Reserve, Guangdong from May to October 2011. Ethanol-heating method was used to extract the hormone in feces,and enzyme immunoassays (EIA) were validated for the analysis of fecal samples from Chinese Crocodile Lizard for estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P) and their metabolites. The progesterone concentration of female pregnant individual showed a high point in October (LSD: P<0.05), male testosterone levels have increased significantly in June. There were no significant differences in pregnant and non pregnant females estradiol levels in the breeding season, therefore, estradiol may not play an important role in S. crocodiluruses.

To investigate the effects of cold stress on blood physiological and biochemical changes of tilapia, Egyptian strain Nile tilapia, American strain Nile tilapia and Oreochromis aureus were selected to study the effects of different cold stress on blood physiological and biochemical changes using artificial indoor cooling. There are 90 tilapia in each type. The average body weight of tilapia was (150±2) g. These samples were randomly divided into 25 ℃, 15 ℃ and 12 ℃ 3 groups with three repeats, 10 tilapias for each repeat. The results showed that the number of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and hematocrit (HCT) in three kinds of tilapia showed no significant difference (P>0.05) under 15 ℃ for 0 d, 5 d, 10 d, and coma, and under 12 ℃ for 0 h, 36 h, 72 h compared with the control group. The average hematocrit (MCV) was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum total protein (TP) concentrations were significantly increased (P<0.05). Albumin (ALB) concentration decreased with the decreased temperature but with no significant difference with control group (P>0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations increased with the decreasing temperature. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased (P>0.05) at 15 ℃ for 0 d, 5 d, 10 d and coma, but decreased at 12 ℃ for 0 h, 36 h, and 72 h.

The genetic inactivity of sperm in Litopenaeus vannamei by UV at 365 nm wavelength and 10.5 cm radiation distance were investigated. The inactivity sperm or spermatophore was used to fertilize by artificial insemination methods. The results indicated the fertilization of fresh semendiluter happened during 0~20 s radiation, and which could obtain 5% of average fertility rate by vitro fertilization method, yet all of embryos would not develop to nauplius. The average fertility rate and average hatching rate of fresh spermatophore by semen transplantation were 20% and 3% respectively during 0~10 min radiation. The sperm of fresh semendiluter radiated for more than 30 s would be inactive under the 2×10⁵ sperm/cm² with 2 mm thickness shaking in 90 time per minute, and the sperm of spermatophore radiated for more than 20 min would be inactive. The morphology and ultrastructure between fresh and different UV dosage radiated spermatozoa of Litopenaeus vannamei were observed by light and transmission electronic microscopy. The observation revealed that the spermatozoa of Litopenaeus vannamei was of the non-motile type. It consisted of three main parts, including the spike-anterior in position, the cap-shaped part at the middle and the main body part at the rear. The results showed that morphology and ultrastructure of sperm from fresh semendiluter UV radiated for 10~20 s didn’t change compared with normal fresh sperm. The acrosome and spike of sperm from fresh semendiluter UV radiated for 30 s were normal, but its chromatin dispersion and bottom wall became thinner. The sperm from fresh semendiluter UV radiated for 60 s was damaged obviously, mainly marked with cell nucleus deformed and membrane cracked, nucleus region diminished, chromatin dispersion and overflow, acrosome body impaired partly, membrane of posterior main body folded, and bottom hollowed, cytoplasmic banding vesiculated, nucleus membrane impaired and cracked, membrane swelled and inter-membrane space augmented.

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious bacterial diseases in the world’s rice production. In this report, a random Tn5 transposon-mediated mutation library of Guangxi Xoo strain K74 was generated. Southern blot analysis of Tn5 insertion mutants indicated that transposon Tn5 was randomly inserted and most mutant was inserted only by a single copy Tn5. According to the leaf clip inoculation on the susceptible Nipponbare, 15 mutants were identified as reduced over 50 percents pathogenicity. Result of localized transposon Tn5 showed that mutagenesis genes included diverse functional genes: four gum cluster genes, 5 LPS cluster genes, two metB genes, two UDP-glucose dehydrogenase genes,one located downstream of hrpB, gene and one hypothetical protein gene. 14 of them are known as pathogenicity-related genes. Therefore, a screening model for searching pathogenicity-related genes in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae K74 was established successfully in this study, which laid a solid foundation for the further study of pathogenicity-related genes and clarifying their pathogenic molecular mechanism.

The pollution statue of paraquat in the overlying water of Huixian Wetland as well as the residents’ drinking water around the Wetland were investigated used microcalorimetric methods and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), meanwhile, the effect of paraquat on the activity of the wetland’s sediment microbes and its fixed/transformed ratio (concentration of 0~120 μg/g) were measured. The results showed that paraquat could not be detected in the drinking water but in the overlying water (1~16.8 μg/kg); microorganisms in the sediment showed similar power-time curves and all with a second logarithmic growth phase under the same laboratory conditions; only 120 μg/g(dry soil) paraquat obviously postponed the microbes growing;52%~55% of added Paraquat was fixed/transformed (96 h) by the sediment, which meant that as high as 40%~50% of the added does would be scoured or leached into the flowing water then transported far away from its occurence. The results indicated that there existed potential Paraquat security risks against mammals and human health in the region of Huixian Wetland, so the paraquat was suggested to be listed in the cheking range of water-quality index around this wetland.