基施钢渣和石灰渣对水稻吸收转运镉的影响

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2025062701

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国农田土壤镉(Cd)污染问题日益突出,对水稻等主要农作物的生长和品质造成严重影响,进而威胁到农田生态系统的稳定和人体健康。为了深入探究工业副产物在镉污染土壤修复中的应用潜力,本文以广西区内钢渣(SS)和石灰渣(LM)2种典型工业副产物与水稻为研究对象,通过室内土壤培养和水稻盆栽实验探究工业副产物对土壤-水稻系统中Cd生物有效性的影响。土壤培养实验施加不同剂量钢渣和石灰渣(1、2、5、7、10 g·kg^-1,分别记为SS1、SS2、SS5、SS7、SS10和LM1、LM2、LM5、LM7、LM10),不施钢渣和石灰渣记为CK。结果表明,土壤pH和有效硅含量随着钢渣和石灰渣施用量的增大而增加,土壤氧化还原电位(E_h)随着钢渣和石灰渣施用量的增大而降低。与CK相比,施加SS2钢渣和LM10石灰渣对土壤二乙烯三胺五乙酸提取态镉(DTPA-Cd)的含量降低效果最佳,分别降低49.32%和42.43%。水稻盆栽实验结果表明,施加不同剂量钢渣(1、2、3、5 g·kg^-1,分别记为SS-R1、SS-R2、SS-R3、SS-R5)和石灰渣(1、3、5 g·kg^-1,分别记为LM-R1、LM-R3、LM-R5)均可影响水稻对Cd的吸收。其中,SS-R3和LM-R5可以显著降低土壤DTPA-Cd的含量和水稻根、茎、叶、糙米的镉含量(P<0.05),较CK分别降低40.00%、80.59%、86.83%、78.13%、78.57%和40.91%、24.77%、60.41%、65.53%、69.05%。此外,各处理中水稻糙米Cd含量由大到小依次为:CK(0.38 mg·kg^-1)＞LM-R1(0.25 mg·kg^-1)＞SS-R1(0.22 mg·kg^-1)＞LM-R3(0.19 mg·kg^-1)＞SS-R5(0.17 mg·kg^-1)＞LM-R5(0.12 mg·kg^-1)＞SS-R2(0.09 mg·kg^-1)＞SS-R3(0.07 mg·kg^-1),其中SS-R2、SS-R3、SS-R5和LM-R3、LM-R5处理糙米Cd含量符合国家食品安全标准(＜0.2 mg·kg^-1,GB2762—2022)。工业副产物钢渣和石灰渣均可显著降低土壤镉的生物有效性和抑制水稻对Cd的吸收,且钢渣降低水稻植株各部位镉含量的效果优于石灰渣。

关键词: 钢渣, 石灰渣, 水稻, 镉污染, 土壤, 工业副产物

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils has become increasingly prominent, exerting a serious impact on the growth and quality of rice and other major crops, thereby threatening the stability of agricultural ecosystems and human health. To investigate the application potential of industrial by-products in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil, this study focused on two typical industrial by-products from Guangxi, steel slag (SS) and lime slag (LM), and examined their effects on Cd bioavailability in the soil-rice system through soil incubation and rice pot experiments. The soil incubation experiment was conducted with different application rates of SS and LM (1, 2, 5, 7, and 10 g·kg^-1, denoted as SS1, SS2, SS5, SS7, SS10 and LM1, LM2, LM5, LM7, LM10, respectively). The results showed that soil pH and available silicon content increased with increasing application rates of SS and LM, while soil redox potential (E_h) decreased. Compared with the control (CK), SS2 and LM10 had the best effect on reducing soildiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extractable Cd(DTPA-Cd) content, decreasing 49.32% and 42.43%, respectively. The rice pot experiment was conducted with different application rates of steel slag (SS) (1, 2, 3, and 5 g·kg^-1, denoted as SS-R1, SS-R2, SS-R3, SS-R5) and lime slag (LM) (1, 3, and 5 g·kg^-1, denoted as LM-R1, LM-R3, LM-R5). The results showed that the application of steel slag and lime slag affected Cd uptake by rice. Specifically, SS-R3 and LM-R5 significantly reduced soil DTPA-Cd content and Cd concentrations in rice roots, stems, leaves, and brown rice (P < 0.05). Compared with CK, the reductions were 40.00%, 80.59%, 86.83%, 78.13%, and 78.57% for SS-R3, and 40.91%, 24.77%, 60.41%, 65.53%, and 69.05% for LM-R5, respectively. The brown rice Cd contents across treatments followed the order: CK (0.38 mg·kg^-1) > LM-R1 (0.25 mg·kg^-1) > SS-R1 (0.22 mg·kg^-1) > LM-R3 (0.19 mg·kg^-1) > SS-R5 (0.17 mg·kg^-1) > LM-R5 (0.12 mg·kg^-1) > SS-R2 (0.09 mg·kg^-1) > SS-R3 (0.07 mg·kg^-1). Notably, the brown rice Cd contents in theSS-R2, SS-R3, SS-R5, LM-R3, and LM-R5 treatments met the national food safety standard (< 0.2 mg·kg^-1, GB 2762-2022). In conclusion, the industrial by-products steel slag and lime slag significantly reduced soil Cd bioavailability and inhibited Cd uptake by rice, with steel slag demonstrating superior efficacy in reducing Cd content in various rice tissues compared to lime slag.

Key words: steel slag, lime slag, rice, cadmium pollution, soil, industrial by-products

中图分类号: X53; Q945; S511

韦丽媛, 韦秀连, 刘莹儿, 黄静, 罗冬梅, 徐子琴, 陈喆. 基施钢渣和石灰渣对水稻吸收转运镉的影响[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 44(4): 159-169.

Wei Liyuan, Wei Xiulian, Liu Yinger, Huang Jing, Luo Dongmei, Xu Ziqin, Chen Zhe. Effect of basal application of steel slag and lime slag on uptake and translocation of cadmium in rice[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 44(4): 159-169.

参考文献

[1] 环境保护部, 国土资源部. 全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R]. 北京: 环境保护部, 国土资源部,2014.
[2] Hussain B, Lin Q, Hamid Y, et al. Foliage application of selenium and silicon nanoparticles alleviates Cd and Pb toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 712: 136497. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136497.
[3] Wen Y B, Li W, Yang Z F, et al. Enrichment and source identification of Cd and other heavy metals in soils with high geochemical background in the karst region, Southwestern China[J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 245: 125620. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125620.
[4] Liu J, Huang W, Mo A L, et al. Effect of lychee biochar on the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil using sunflower: a field experiment[J]. Environmental Research, 2020, 188: 109886. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109886.
[5] 孙英春, 崔兴兰, 郑鹏, 等. 铅、镉、砷复合污染土壤修复技术研究进展与展望[J]. 稀有金属, 2024, 48(9): 1335-1351. DOI: 10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY24010028.
[6] Ding P, He Y L, He H, et al. Remediation effect of compound modifier FZB on arsenic and cadmium contaminated soil[J]. Huanjing Kexue, 2021, 42(2): 917-924. DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202007240.
[7] Parab N, Sinha S, Mishra S. Coal fly ash amendment in acidic field: effect on soil microbial activity and onion yield[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2015, 96: 211-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2015.08.007.
[8] Szewczuk-Karpisz K, Tomczyk A, Kercheva M, et al. Reclamation of degraded soils: analysis of selected parameters after organic/inorganic modifications[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2024, 24(4): 1704-1723. DOI: 10.1007/s11368-024-03760-7.
[9] 周嗣江, 刘针延, 熊双莲, 等. 同步钝化土壤Cd和As材料的筛选[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(7): 3527-3534. DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202010022.
[10] 王港, 余海英, 李廷轩, 等. 两种淹水模式下施用钝化材料对镉污染农田水稻安全生产的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2022, 43(2): 1015-1022. DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202105053.
[11] Hu Y, Tang J P, Fei Y X, et al. Enhancement of Zn adsorption on coal fly ash-based geopolymer with steel slag incorporation: leaching behavior and performance insights[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2025, 367: 125639. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125639.
[12] Cheng H, Ji R T, Bian Y R, et al. From macroalgae to porous graphitized nitrogen-doped biochars: using aquatic biota to treat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminatedwater[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020, 303: 122947. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122947.
[13] 崔心宇, 那贤昭. 钢渣资源化技术及展望[J]. 中国冶金, 2024, 34(10): 16-25. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-9356.20240287.
[14] Qin J, Cui C, Cui X Y, et al. Preparation and characterization of ceramsite from lime mud and coal fly ash[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 95: 10-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.106.
[15] 刘禹池, 岳丽杰, 卢庭启, 等. 不同调酸措施对西南山地酸化土壤改良及玉米产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2023(1): 191-198. DOI: 10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.21679.
[16] 符云聪, 朱晓龙, 袁毳, 等. 含硫材料对中碱性农田土壤镉的钝化效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(10): 1353-1360. DOI: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0106.
[17] 何飞, 印锡平, 李勇伟, 等. 固体废弃物稳定化修复污染土壤的研究进展[J]. 当代化工研究, 2022(24): 6-9. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8114.2022.24.002.
[18] 严建立, 章明奎, 王道泽. 不同调理剂改良低丘新垦耕地土壤物理性状的效果[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(2): 67-73.
[19] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 233-236.
[20] Kukier U, Chaney R L. Growing rice grain with controlled cadmium concentrations[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2002, 25(8): 1793-1820. DOI: 10.1081/PLN-120006058.
[21] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Method 3050B Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils[S]. Washington, DC, USA: U.S..Environmental Protection Agency, 1996.
[22] 张琪, 冯攀, 沈叙言, 等. 多种富钙材料的碳化性能及其关键影响因素[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2025, 28(2): 153-159, 167. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9629.2025.02.008.
[23] 况琴, 吴山, 黄庭, 等. 生物质炭和钢渣对江西丰城典型富硒区土壤硒有效性的调控效果与机理研究[J]. 岩矿测试, 2019, 38(6): 705-714. DOI: 10.15898/j.cnki.11-2131/td.201901190014.
[24] Mamatha D, Gowda R C, Shivakumara M N. Effect of basic slag and lime on chemical properties of acid soil[J]. Emergent Life Sciences Research, 2019, 5(2): 8-11. DOI: 10.31783/elsr.2019.520811.
[25] 陈佳, 赵秀兰. 水分管理与施硅对水稻根表铁膜及砷镉吸收的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(3): 1535-1544. DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202008147.
[26] Wang X J, Xue J C, Qi H, et al. Remediation of acidic soils in copper sulfide mines through combined plant amendments and their effects on soil bacterial community structure[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2024, 235(2): 141. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-024-06948-2.
[27] 陈玥如, 高文艳, 陈虹任, 等. 场地重金属污染土壤固化及MICP技术研究进展[J]. 环境科学, 2024, 45(5): 2939-2951. DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202305138.
[28] Gambrell R P, Wiesepape J B, Patrick W H, et al. The effects of pH, redox, and salinity on metal release from a contaminated sediment[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 1991, 57(1): 359-367. DOI: 10.1007/BF00282899.
[29] Zhu Q H, Huang D Y, Liu S L, et al. Flooding-enhanced immobilization effect of sepiolite on cadmium in paddy soil[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2012, 12(2): 169-177. DOI: 10.1007/s11368-011-0444-2.
[30] 刘昕, 王仲亮, 包燕平. 转炉钢渣资源化利用研究现状与应用展望[J]. 工程科学学报, 2025, 47(4): 668-681. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2024.09.18.001.
[31] 马俊杰, 毛瑞, 朱祚峤, 等. 基于碳酸化钢渣的沥青混合料性能优化与低碳技术[J]. 中国冶金, 2025, 35(7): 271-279. DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-9356.20250156.
[32] 史力争, 陈惠康, 吴川, 等. 赤泥及其复合钝化剂对土壤铅、镉和砷的稳定效应[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2018, 35(5): 617-626. DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2018.05.008.
[33] 师展, 王科积, 刘涛, 等. 叶面喷施纳米硅提高水稻叶片镉固持量的机理[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2024, 30(12): 2366-2379.
[34] Cai Y X, Pan B G, Liu B Q, et al. The Cd sequestration effects of rice roots affected by different Si management in Cd-contaminated paddy soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 849: 157718. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157718.
[35] Tubana B S, Babu T, Datnoff L E. A review of silicon in soils and plants and its role in US agriculture: history and future perspectives[J]. Soil Science, 2016, 181(9/10): 393-411. DOI: 10.1097/ss.0000000000000179.
[36] 余飞, 张风雷, 蒋玉莲, 等. 地质高背景区土壤-水稻系统重金属含量特征与综合质量评价[J]. 环境科学, 2025, 46(1): 453-460. DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202402114.
[37] Zhao X L, Masaihiko S. Amelioration of cadmium polluted paddy soils by porous hydrated calcium silicate[J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2007, 183(1): 309-315. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-007-9379-z.
[38] Chen D M, Chen D Q, Xue R R, et al. Effects of boron, silicon and their interactions on cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 367: 447-455. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.111.
[39] Guo L, Chen A T, Li C, et al. Solution chemistry mechanisms of exogenous silicon influencing the speciation and bioavailability of cadmium in alkaline paddy soil[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 438: 129526. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129526.
[40] 高子翔, 周航, 杨文弢, 等. 基施硅肥对土壤镉生物有效性及水稻镉累积效应的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(12): 5299-5307. DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201704210.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed