微生物菌剂对麦冬及其种植土壤的影响

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2024101202

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 化肥的过量使用会改变土壤的物理性质,破坏土壤结构,再加上连作障碍影响,土壤养分有效性将严重降低。本文以全国最大的麦冬种植基地四川省绵阳市三台县广泛种植的麦冬及其土壤为研究对象,采用第三代高通量测序Illumina MiSeq,探究微生物菌剂对麦冬种植土壤理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响。研究结果显示:施用微生物菌剂后,麦冬产量由原来的5 344.05±987.00 kg/hm²增长到6 501.45±1 154.10 kg/hm²,增幅达到21.63%(P<0.05)。土壤pH值由6.50±0.24显著提高到6.86±0.11(P<0.05)。同时,土壤有机质、总氮和总磷含量均有不同程度的增加。相关性分析表明,土壤pH值和总氮深刻影响麦冬产量,分别呈显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)相关性。菌剂的使用改变了土壤微生态环境,施用菌剂后土壤中细菌酸杆菌门Acidobacteria、绿弯菌门Chloroflexi和厚壁菌门Firmicutes的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),真菌担子菌门Basidiomycota相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05);其中,对植物病原菌具有良好抗性的芽孢杆菌属和unclassified_Chaetomiaceae相对丰度也显著增加(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,麦冬产量与芽孢杆菌属、亚硝化单胞菌属MND1(Nitrosomonadaceae_MND1)、己科河菌属Rokubacteriales、硝化螺旋菌属Nitrospira和unclassified_Chaetomiaceae相对丰度均呈显著正相关性(P<0.05),并与假古尔本基安菌属Pseudogulbenkiania相对丰度呈显著负相关性(P<0.05)。本研究表明,施用微生物菌剂可提高麦冬种植土壤的pH值,缓解酸化,增加土壤总有机质、总氮和总磷含量,改善土壤微生物群落结构。这些结果为微生物菌剂在麦冬生态种植中的应用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 微生物菌剂, 麦冬, 产量, 土壤微生物, 微生态

Abstract: Excessive use of chemical fertilisers will change the physical properties of the soil and destroy its structure, and coupled with the effects of continuous cropping barriers, soil nutrient effectiveness will be severely reduced. In this paper, the effects of microbial agents on the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of soil planted with Ophiopogon japonicus and its soil, which is widely planted in Santai County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, the largest Ophiopogon japonicus planting base in the country, were investigated by using the third-generation high-throughput sequencing Illumina MiSeq. The results of the study showed that the yield of Ophiopogon japonicus increased from 5 344.05±987.00 kg/hm² to 6 501.45±1 154.10 kg/hm² by 21.63% (P<0.05) after the application of microbial agents. Soil pH significantly increased from 6.50±0.24 to 6.86±0.11 (P<0.05). At the same time, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content increased to varying degrees. Correlation analysis showed that soil pH and total nitrogen profoundly affected the yield of Ophiopogon japonicus with significant (P<0.05) and highly significant (P<0.01) correlations, respectively. The use of fungicides changed the soil microbiological environment, and the relative abundance of bacterial Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes in the soil was significant increased after fungicide application (P<0.05), and that of fungal Basidiomycota was significantly increased (P<0.05); among them, the relative abundance of Bacillus and unclassified_Chaetomiaceae, which had good resistance to plant pathogens, also increased significantly (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the yield of Ophiopogon japonicus was significant positive correlated (P<0.05) with the relative abundance of Bacillus, Nitrosomonadaceae_MND1, Rokubacteriales, Nitrospira, and unclassified_Chaetomiaceae significantly positive correlated (P<0.05) and significantly negative correlated (P<0.05) with the relative abundance of Pseudogulbenkiania. This study showed that the application of microbial fungicides increased the pH of the soil planted with Ophiopogon japonicus, alleviated acidification, and increased the total organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the soil. Meanwhile, the application of microbial fungicides improved the structure of soil microbial community. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of microbial agents in the ecological cultivation of Ophiopogon japonicus.

Key words: microbial agents, Ophiopogon japonicus, yield, soil microorganisms, micro-ecology

中图分类号: S567.232; S144

张静, 刘沁珂, 冯定胜, 王瑞, 黄春萍. 微生物菌剂对麦冬及其种植土壤的影响[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 43(5): 195-206.

ZHANG Jing, LIU Qinke, FENG Dingsheng, WANG Rui, HUANG Chunping. Effects of Microbial Fungicides on Ophiopogon japonicus and Its Growing Soil[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 43(5): 195-206.

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