檵木乙酸乙酯萃取物抑菌活性研究

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doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2024040101

摘要： 本文研究檵木不同部位萃取物抑菌谱,为进一步开发和利用檵木资源提供依据。结果表明,檵木枝、叶萃取物(乙酸乙酯层)对所有测定的植物病原真菌及动物病原细菌均表现出显著的抑菌效果。处理浓度为5 g/L,枝乙酸乙酯萃取物明显抑制多种植物病原真菌,除对茶轮斑病菌(25.58%)及贡柑链格孢菌(48.30%)抑制率较低外,对其他供试真菌的抑菌率均在50%以上,EC₅₀值在0.297 8~3.768 8 g/L。其中对水稻胡麻叶斑病菌、甘蓝黑斑病菌和辣椒炭疽病菌的毒力较高,其EC₅₀值分别为1.361 2、0.756 4和0.297 8 g/L,均小于2 g/L,并且对辣椒炭疽病菌的抑菌活性更高,EC₅₀值小于0.5 g/L。叶乙酸乙酯萃取物除对茶轮斑病菌的抑制率为26.77%外,对其他供试植物病原真菌的抑制率均大于50%,EC₅₀值介于1.036 0~3.807 6 g/L。相似地,其对水稻胡麻叶斑病菌、甘蓝黑斑病菌和辣椒炭疽病菌的毒力也较高,EC₅₀值分别为1.812 6、1.376 7和1.036 0 g/L,均小于2 g/L。檵木枝、叶萃取物(乙酸乙酯层)对供试的动物病原细菌均具有显著抑制作用,MIC值分别为0.156 25~2.500 00和0.156 25~1.250 00 g/L。枝乙酸乙酯萃取物对5种供试动物病原细菌的MIC值均小于1 g/L,包括枯草芽孢杆菌、炭疽杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、藤黄微球菌;叶乙酸乙酯萃取物除对大肠杆菌MIC值为1.25 g/L外,对其他供试动物病原细菌的MIC值均小于1 g/L,并且对蜡样芽孢杆菌、藤黄微球菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌、溶壁微球菌和巨大芽孢杆菌5种病原细菌的抑制活性均高于枝乙酸乙酯萃取物。研究结果表明,檵木具有广谱抑菌活性,该结果为檵木在农用和医用抑菌方面的应用奠定基础。

关键词: 檵木, 乙酸乙酯萃取物, 植物病原真菌, 动物病原细菌, 抑菌活性

Abstract: The antimicrobial spectrum of the extracts from different parts of Loropetalum chinense was determined to lay a foundation for their protection, comprehensive development and utilization. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts (EtOAc) from the branches and leaves of L. chinense had significant inhibitory effects on 9 plant pathogenic fungi and 9 animal pathogenic bacteria, except that the inhibition rate against Pestalotiopsis theae and Alternaria citri were respectively 25.58% and 48.30% at 5 g/L of the EtOAc extract of branches, the inhibition rate against the other seven plant pathogenic fungi exceeds 50%, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.297 8-3.768 8 g/L. Among them, the extract of branches had much higher virulence against Alternaria oleracea, Colletotrichum capsici, and Cochliobolus miyabeanus, respectively with EC₅₀ values of 0.756 4, 0.297 8,and 1.361 2 g/L, less than 2 g/L, and especially had higher virulence against Colletotrichum capsici, with an EC₅₀ value less than 0.5 g/L. The EtOAc extract of leaves had an inhibition rate of over 50% against the other 8 tested pathogens except for the Pestalotiopsis theae at 26.77%. The EC₅₀ values of 8 tested pathogens range from 1.036 0 to 3.807 6 g/L. Similarly, the EtOAc extract of leaves also had high toxicity against C. miyabeanus, A. oleracea, and C. capsici, respectively with EC₅₀ values of 1.812 6, 1.376 7, and 1.036 0 g/L, less than 2 g/L. The EtOAc extracts of the branches and leaves had significant inhibitory effects on 9 animal pathogenic bacteria with MICs of 0.156 25-2.500 00 g/L and 0.156 25-1.250 00 g/L, respectively. There was relatively higher inhibitory activity of the branches extract against 5 animal pathogens, including Bacillus anthraci, Staphyloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus luteus, with MIC values less than 1 g/L. For the leaves extract, except for the MIC of 1.25 g/L for Escherichia coli, the MIC was less than 1 g/L for the other 8 tested animal pathogenic bacteria. In addition, its inhibitory activity of leaves extract against five pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacterium paratyphosum B, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, and Bacillus megaterium, was higher than that of branches extract. The research results indicated that L. chinense has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and laid a foundation for its application in agricultural and medical antimicrobial activities.

Key words: Loropetalum chinense, ethyl acetate extract, plant pathogenic fungi, animal pathogenic bacteria, inhibitory activity

中图分类号: Q949.9

施慧露, 莫燕华, 骆海玉, 马姜明. 檵木乙酸乙酯萃取物抑菌活性研究[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 43(1): 1-8.

SHI Huilu, MO Yanhua, LUO Haiyu, MA Jiangming. Inhibitory Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Loropetalum chinense against Pathogens[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 43(1): 1-8.

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