2025年04月23日 星期三

广西师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 40-52.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2024040303

• “污水处理”专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

ABR硫酸盐还原体系分级沉淀酸性矿山废水中重金属及矿物形成

郑国权1, 秦永丽1, 汪晨祥1, 葛仕佳1, 闻倩敏2, 蒋永荣1*   

  1. 1.桂林电子科技大学 生命与环境科学学院,广西 桂林 541004;
    2.桂林晶康环保有限公司,广西 桂林 541004
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-03 修回日期:2024-05-01 出版日期:2024-12-30 发布日期:2024-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 蒋永荣(1970—),女,广西桂林人,桂林电子科技大学教授。E-mail:svmsung2996@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52060004);广西自然科学基金青年科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026265)

Stepwise Precipitation of Heavy Metals from Acid Mine Drainage and Mineral Formation in Sulfate-Reducing Anaerobic Baffled Reactor System

ZHENG Guoquan1, QIN Yongli1, WANG Chenxiang1, GE Shijia1, WEN Qianmin2, JIANG Yongrong1*   

  1. 1. College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China;
    2. Guilin Jingkang Environmental Protection Co., Ltd, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China
  • Received:2024-04-03 Revised:2024-05-01 Online:2024-12-30 Published:2024-12-30

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摘要： 为实现硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)法处理酸性矿山废水(AMD)过程中多种重金属的分级沉淀并持久固定,采用五隔室厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理模拟AMD,通过观测AMD对体系运行效率、颗粒污泥理化性质、生物活性和微生物群落结构的影响,考察AMD中重金属分级沉淀及沉淀物矿化成矿的特性。结果表明,ABR硫酸盐还原体系能够分级沉淀AMD中的镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)和铁(Fe),Cd2+和Zn2+主要在第1隔室被去除,Fe2+主要在第2、3隔室被去除,去除率均在99%以上。颗粒污泥的重金属化学形态分析及SEM观察表明,去除的重金属主要以硫化物结合态形式沉积在污泥中,进而转化为晶格态,并在污泥表面形成不规则颗粒物(0.3～0.7 μm)。XRD分析表明,第1隔室中的主要物相为纤锌矿、闪锌矿和硫镉矿,第2至第5隔室主要为磁铁矿和黄铁矿。微生物群落结构分析表明,反应器中Lactobacillus和Desulfovibrio在重金属沉淀及矿物形成过程中起关键作用。该研究为AMD中重金属的资源化处理及矿化成矿提供理论依据。

关键词: 酸性矿山废水, 重金属, 厌氧折流板反应器, 硫酸盐还原菌, 厌氧颗粒污泥, 微生物矿化, 金属硫化矿

Abstract: To achieve the fractional precipitation and persistent fixation of multiple heavy metals during the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), a five-compartment anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) was used to treat the simulated AMD. The effects of AMD on system operation efficiency, physical and chemical properties, biological activity and microbial community structure of granular sludge were observed. The characteristics of heavy metal fractional precipitation and precipitated biomore formation in AMD were investigated. The results indicated that the sulfate reduction system of ABR was capable of precipitating cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) from AMD in a graded manner, with Cd and Zn primarily removed in the first compartment, and Fe predominantly eliminated in the second and third compartments, all with removal rates exceeding 99%. Chemical speciation analysis of granular sludge and SEM observations revealed that the removed heavy metals mainly deposit in sulfide-bound forms in the sludge, subsequently transforming into lattice states and forming irregular particles (0.3~0.7 μm) on the sludge surface. XRD analysis showed that the main phases in the first compartment were sphalerite, wurtzite, and greenockite, while magnetite and pyrite were predominant in compartments two to five. Analysis of microbial community structure demonstrated the crucial roles of Lactobacillus and Desulfovibrio in heavy metal precipitation and mineral formation processes within the reactor. This study provides theoretical basis for the resourceful treatment and mineralization of heavy metals in AMD.

Key words: acid mine drainage, heavy metals, anaerobic baffled reactor, sulfate reducing bacteria, anaerobic granular sludge, biological mineralization, metal sulfide minerals

中图分类号:  X703

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