In this paper,circuit the of single-phase full bridge photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected inverter model and its working principle are introduced.According to Kirchhoff's law and the characteristics of ideal operational amplifier,a 6.5-dimensions piecewise smooth state equation for the circuit model of single-phase full bridge photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected inverter is set up,the derivation of the equations is presented in detail.Then using the fourth order Runge Kutta method to solve the established state equation,the nonlinear dynamics properties of this modeling is investigated preliminarily.The research results show that this circuit system can produce chaotic behavior under certain range of pv array output voltage.

A model of constructivism based on Cellular Automata was proposed,which was used to simulate its application in teaching process.The major factors affecting the knowledge formation,such as situational design,cooperation and dialogue,influence of neighboring learners and self knowledge background were defined in the model.The teaching design at normal and extreme levels was simulated and the impact of situational design and cooperation and dialogue on the knowledge formation was discussed.Then,the results are obtained,which shows that the improvement of both the two factors can enhance the quality of knowledge formation and the positive effect of situational design is better than that of the cooperation and dialogue.The conclusions agree with the changing pattern of knowledge formation of learners observed in practice.

Wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction method was used to analyze the velocity response curve of stress wave obtained with the simulation of intact and defective anchorage system.Achor length and defect position were calculated based on the reconstructed velocity response curve of stress wave.The accuracy of this method was also verified.On this basis,the experimental results were analyzed,which further verify the rationality of the method was verified.This method provides a flexible and reliable method for stress wave response which cannot distinguish the time position of reflected signal directly.

This paper presents an analog and time-domain implementation of Gaussian-like wavelet transform using switched current (SI) circuits.Gaussian-like wavelet transforms,existing common factors in time-domain expressions,can be realized by shared structure using SI technique.SI Gaussian unit plays a very important role in the analog implementation of Gaussian-like wavelet transform and it can be easily implemented with the cascade of SI first order circuits and second order circuits.The rational form of Gaussian function can be given by Pade transformation.By changing the frequency of SI circuits,Gaussian-like wavelet transform at various scales can be performed.The good performance of the proposed method is verified by simulated results.

Through the study of the quantum computing theory and binary coded quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm,a new real-coded quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm mode-double parameters real-coded quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm mode is proposed.When it is applied to the genetic algorithm,a double parameter real-coded quantum genetic algorithm (DRQEA) is obtained.As a result,the binary to decimal conversion and complicated calculation of quantum gate in the quantum bit coded quantum genetic algorithm (QEA) is avoided.Simulation results show that compared with QEA,DRQEA has lower time complexity,more global search ability which confirms the effectiveness of double parameters real-coded mode.

Competitive intelligence system enhances the ability of using huge amounts of complex data sets to obtain knowledge and insight,which ensures its practicality and security.Thus it is necessary to pay attention to the quality control of competitive intelligence system.For guaranteing the quality standard of competitive intelligence system,rational mechanism design can help the enterprise to identify the most optimal from the service provider groups in advance.The research shows that financial compensation proportion could regulate R&D spending adversely as much as the enterprise had expected.Furthermore,it constructs a game model for the enterprise to screen the ability of shortlisted service providers and provides a quantitative description in formulating reasonable quality standard of competitive intelligence system.

K-Means is one of classical and heuristic clustering algorithm,which is sensitive to the model's initial state.This makes the initialization of the model deterministic to the clustering solution,and the process usually can obtain the local optima result.The study on supplying a initial seeds set that can reflect the characteristics about the distribution of the data is of great value for clustering research.They would be selected in a denser region as far as possible and would be dispersive as much as possible.And then Hybrid Distance Density Based Seeking (HYDD) stategy is offered:first of all,this method rearranges the original data on the principle of decreasing density,then the date higher density and longer distance than the diameter wer interted into a candidate set.Secondly,k seeds is selected from the candidate set based on the theory that the sum of distance is decreasing.Finally,K-Means is run with the initial seed set.Experiments results on 5 synthesis and 3 real datasets show that HYDD K-Means could obtain clusters which have maximal intra-cluster homogeneity and maximal inter-cluster separation.

Crossover and mutation operators are the core operations of genetic algorithm.Efficient mutation operator not only plays an important role to enhance local search ability and keep population diverse,but also optimizes the offspring individuals with targeted amending strategy to correct the present trajectory.Thus,it enhances the efficiency of optimizing.Firstly,this paper proposes an even better extremely greedy algorithm on the basis of the very greedy algorithm.Then,a multiple bits greedy mutation operator is designed to deal with the multiple consecutive or discontinuous genes with extremely greedy mutation operation.Experimental results on classic knapsack instances show that multiple bits greedy mutation-based genetic algorithm (MBGGA) has efficient,effective and steady performance when comparing with the existing methods.

This paper proposes a steganography scheme based on JPEG images.According to a given threshold,the low frequency coefficients are chosen to hide data.Then these low frequency coefficients are divided into groups to get the carrier.Two bits of secret message are taken as a group from the secret information,and converted into a decimal number.This number will be used to determine the hiding position of the coefficients group.According to the hiding scheme,the secret message is preprocessed to get the hidden data,and the low frequency coefficients of the hiding position is modified by model 3 to hide the secret data.Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme achieves better image quality of stego-images.

Road traffic system is a complex,nonlinear and spreading clustering system.Some factors,such as changes of topology,model of travelers and natural environment could bring great influence on the service capacity of road network.This paper discusses the effect of road network vulnerability from the factors of the road,human and natural environment,and introduces the principle of the three-dem arcation analytic hierarchy process (TDAHP) which was used for quantitative analysis of these factors.The validity and rationality of this method were proved by the concrete examples,and the problems of reducing the vulnerability of the network and problems needed to be emphasized were found out.It is of certain value for engineering application.

A goodness of fit test was constructed by means of empirical Euclidean likelihood and vertical density representation (VDR),and the limit null distribution of the test statistics was derived.Then,the parameters were estimated by maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) under the composite null hypothesis.Subsequently,the corresponding test statistics was constructed and its limit null distribution was given.Finally,the new tests were compared with the traditional chi-square test by simulations.Simulation results show that the new tests are more powerful and have favorable application and potential prospect.

Let (Σ,σ) be a dynamical system which has two symbols,and (X,f) be a compact system.If there exists a continuous map h of Σ→X,such that h σ=f h,then (X,f) is the factor system of (Σ,σ).It is proved that if the factor system of (Σ,σ) is uncountable set,then it is distributionally chaotic.

The fifth order saturated nonlinear Schrödinger equation is transformed into the multi-symplecticstructure and discretizated by the middle Preissman scheme.The multi-symplectic scheme and the corresponding multi-symplectic conservation is obtained.The solitary waves with different nonlinear saturated effects and different amplitude are simulated by the multi-symplectic scheme.Numerical results show the multi-symplectic scheme can well simulate the behaviors of optical solitons and approximately preserve the energy conservation property.Nonlinear saturated effects and the amplitude have obvious effect on the propagation of the solitary waves and the collision of the solitary waves also have obvious effect on the change of the system energy.

A supramolecular coordination polymer Cu[N(CH₂OH)₂CH₂O](SCN) (1) has been synthesized and its structure has been characterized by elemental analyses,infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and single crystal X-ray diffraction structure analysis.The molecule of compound 1 has the discrete structure which is linked by the intermolecular O—H…O hydrogen bonds into one-dimensional chain.This compound displays antiferromagnetic interaction.

The spherical core-shell structured SiO₂/CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺,Li⁺ phosphors were prepared by a combined approach of homogeneous precipitation and combustion synthesis.The effects of different Si/Mo radio on the crystal structure,morphology and luminescence properties of the SiO₂/CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺,Li⁺ phosphors were systematically investigated by powder X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence,respectively.The results show Si/Mo radio is 20:1,the CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺,Li⁺ particles are well-crystallized on the SiO₂ spheres,and the obtained microspheres with the uniform size distribution have a core-shell structure,the SiO₂/CaMoO₄:Eu³⁺,Li⁺ microspheres exhibited an intensive red emission of 617 nm under near ultraviolet (395 nm) excitation.

Eu³⁺ and Bi³⁺-codoped MgNb₂O₆ red-emitting phosphor was prepared by solid-state reaction.The structure,morphology and photoluminescence properties of the phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scan electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometer.The effect of the Bi³⁺ on the photoluminescence of the MgNb₂O₆:Eu³⁺ phosphor was also studied.X-ray diffraction results showed that the pure phase of MgNb₂O₆ could be available calcined at 1 200 °C.Mg_1-xNb₂O₆:Eu³⁺_x phosphors could be effectively excited by the 395 nm UV irridiation and emit red light at 615 nm due to the forced electric dipole ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transitions of Eu³⁺,which indicated that Eu³⁺ occupied the non-inversion the symmetry sites in the MgNb₂O₆ host lattice.The addition of the Bi³⁺ increased the photoluminescence intensity of the excitation spectra at about 329 nm.Therefore,MgNb₂O₆:Eu³⁺,Bi³⁺ might find application to shortwave UV (200～350 nm) light emitting diodes.

According to the largest eigenvalue of the distance matrix and adjacency matrix,a topological index W(W=M×ln(λ₁×γ₁)) is set up.Topological index W and the partition coefficient of aliphatic amines compounds octanol/water,molar refractivity and the boiling point has been adopted for non-linear regression analysis with SPSS15.0,and the nonlinear regression equation was found.Correlation coefficient reached a higher level,which can predict fatty amine molecules octanol/water partition coefficient,molar refraction and boiling point better.Considering more factors that affect the structure of molecular and physical properties,the topological index has low mergers,good selectivity,and can be used as the study on quantitative structure property relationships (QSPR) and many other fields.

Ozone (O₃) reacted with KI-H₃BO₃ absorption liquid to produce iodine (I₂),when the I^- excessive,it form I^-₃.In the pH4.0 HAc-NaAc (1.67 mmol/L) buffer solution,I^-₃ and RhG form RhG-I₃ ion association particles that resulted in the resonance of the fluorescence peak decreases at 556 nm.The decreased value ΔF_{556 nm} is linear to the I₂ concentration in the range of 0.97~15.4 μmol/L.And the concentration of I₂ is equivalent to O₃,with a regression equation of ΔF_{556 nm}=274.94C+52.03,coefficient of 0.991 8 and a detection limit of 0.5 μmol/L.This method was applied to determination of ozone in air sample,and its results were agreement with that of spectrophotometry.

Scale and vernier caliper were using to measure the bud length,bud diameter,thousand of buds weight of 13 different fresh flowers and dried flowers of Lonicera japonica germplasms.And the method of HPLC and SPSS software were used to analyzed the morphology and contents of chlorogenic acid and luteolosid in the sample of different Lonicera japonica germplasms.The bud length was 1.934~2.844 cm,the bud diameter was 0.233~0.372 cm,the thousand of buds weight was 13.1~23.8 g,the contents of chlorogenic acid was 1.514%~2.704%,the contents of luteolosid was 0.114%~0.320% of 13 different dried flowers.Results showed different Lonicera japonica germplasms had significant differences in the morphologic indexes and the content of index components.On the basis of the differences of the morphology and index contents,the bud could be divided into three types,which provide support for the identification of the cultivars,the selecting and the breeding of the new variety of Lonicera japonica.

In this study,the myostatin of Mandarin fish was cloned and the expression of the gene in the red and white muscle was analysed.The myostatin gene is 1 131 bp in length and encodes 376 amino acids.Sequence analysis showed that the myostatin contains a typical TGF-β function area and nine conserved cysteine residues in the C-terminal.These amino acid residues were linked by disulfide bonds to form “Cys Knot” structure.The expression level in red muscle was significantly higher than that in white muscle.The above results will make contribution to understanding the skeletal muscle regulatory mechanism of the economic fish.

Spilornis cheela (Aves,Falconiformes,Accipitridae) is considered as endemic raptor species and listed in the second category of National Key Protected Wild Animals in China.In an attempt to improve molecular knowledge about it,a complete mtDNA was sequenced in this study.The mtDNA is a circular molecule with 18 291 bp and consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs),22 tRNA genes,2 ribosomal RNA genes,1 control region (D-loop) and a pseudo-control region (ΨCR),which share the same arrangement with most of reported raptor species.The 37 genes are closely assembled one after the other.Only 59 bp (excluding control region 1 144 bp and pseudo-control region 1 532 bp) in intergenic spacers and 31 bp overlapped between several gene pairs.The nucleotide composition bias towards adenine and thymine with a content of A+T of whole genome is 53.02%.Furthermore,13 PCGs used ATN as the start codon,except for COⅠ start with GTG.Besides,ten of the thirteen PCGs are terminated with the common triplet stop codon TAA,AGG and TAG,the remainders are stopped with incomplete stop codon (T).The secondary structures of 22 tRNA were predicted,they can be fold in the typical cloverleaf structure described for vertebrate mitochdrial tRNAs,with the unique exception of tRNA-Ser(AGY).Three central conservative blocks (CSB-F,CSB-D and CSB-C) and a conservative sequence block (CSB-1) were located in the D-Loop.Additionally,a 48 bp tandem repeat was found at the 3' end of ΨCR,consisting of eight repeats.

Using rapid-amplification of cDNA ends and semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique,the full length of the differentially expressed gene (F4) was obtained and the expression in the rice field eel (Monopterus albus) was conducted at different gonad developmental stage.The results showed that the full length of F4 was 2 466 base pair (bp) that comprises of a 5'-UTR of 142 bp,a 3'-UTR of 596 bp and an open reading frame(ORF) of 1 728 bp which encoded a 575 amino acid with no signal peptide.Homology analysis suggested that it was a newly-reported gene.F4 did not transcription have any at the early stage of ovary and began to express in ovary at Ⅳ stage,with the ovary abortive and testis development the transcription level was significantly increased.These results may provide molecular base for further study on sex regulation mechanism of the rice field eel.

There were morphological differences among specimens of Garra imberba from Yangtze River,Red River and Langcang River,China.In order to confirm whether the morphologic differentiation have occured among geographical populations,two hundred and fourty-eight specimens of Garra imberba from thirty-two sampling locations were divided into four groups according to drainages stated above,they're Jinsha River,Langcang River,Yuanjiang River and Lixian River.For comparing their morphologic differentiation,external morphological characteristics and meristic characters were observed,eighteen general and seventeen frame characteristics were measured and analyzed by the methods for multivariate morphometrics.The results of external morphological comparation showed that the head and disco shape had some differentiation between specimens from Jinsha River and the other three groups.Comparison of meristic characters indicated that there were no obvious morphologic differentiation among the four groups.Based on the results of scatter plots by principal component analysis,no group had been separated.Specimens from different drainages could not be distinguished by mophological comparison and morphometric analysis.To answer whether they had morphologic differentiation,it should be confirmed by molecular biological method and other ways for further study in the future.

Aiming at the inadequacies of the single logistic model,the possibilities and advantages of cold damage cap temperature (ULCIZ),hurt low temperature sum (SIT) and bivariate logistic regression model in the application of the tilapi cryogenic cold tolerance were analyzed.According to the characteristics of tilapia low temperature stress test,these possibilities and advantages have been improved.

Abies ziyuanesis is a critically endangered plant species endemic to China,and its population in Dayuan of Yanling County,Hunan Province,has the largest size.In this research,the fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) of four A.ziyuanesis populations in Dayuan was analyzed by simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers.S_p statistics indicated that the SGS intensity of four populations were as follows:JMJ(0.018 6)＞XGP(0.018 4)＞HPA(0.011 8)＞ZNS(0.007 1).Pair-wise relatedness coefficients between individuals in each population (F_ij) indicated that ZNS population showed random distribution and others had a significantly SGS.Indirect estimation for gene flow diffusion distance in three populations which had a significantly SGS were as follows:XGP (16 to 37 m),JMJ (21 to 47 m) and HPA (28 to 63 m).The presence of a SGS in three populations implied that A.ziyuanesis germplasm resources for ex situ conservation should be collected from trees at least 12 m,10 m,25 m (for XGP,JMJ and HPA population,respectively) apart to reduce genetic similarity between neighbouring individuals.

By determing the growth rate,PPO activity,POD activity and polyphenol content of Cephalo-taxus mannii Hk.f.callus,effects of anti-browning agents,hormones,medium and explants on the growth and browning of Cephalotaxus mannii Hk.f.callus were studied in this paper.The results showed that the browning rate of callus induced from the leaves was lower than that from the stems,and effective anti-browning were obtained when the callus was cultured in the medium added 0.5 g·L^-1 PVP.The best proliferation medium for Cephalotaxus mannii Hk.f.callus was as follows:MS+NAA 4 mg·L^-1+KT 0.1 mg·L^-1+sucrose 30 g·L^-1+carrageenan 6 g·L^-1+PVP 0.5 g·L^-1.

Three hereditary congenital nystagmus pedigrees based on investigation and genetic analysis in Longsheng County of Guilin is reported.Deduced from genetic analysis,the Tand family and Shi family may belong to incomplete dominant X-linked hereditary congenital nystagmus,and the Hu family may belong to recessive X-linked or incomplete dominant X-linked hereditary congenital nystagmus.