Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) optical fiber sensor is based on the principle of mode interference, which realizes the sensing and measurement by monitoring the influence of the target on the mode interference. This review expounds the characteristics, sensing mechanism, fabrication technology and sensing application of the MZI optical fiber sensor. The fabrication methods of MZI optical fiber sensor are introduced in detail, including optical fiber dislocation fusion method, fiber core mismatch method, optical fiber side polishing method and optical fiber taper method, etc. The applicability and limitations of the fabrication methods are analyzed and compared. The applications of MZI optical fiber sensor in temperature, strain, liquid level, curvature, pressure, refractive index, dual parameters and biochemical monitoring, as well as the merit and demerit of the sensor are systematically reviewed. Finally, the future development of MZI optical fiber sensors is prospected.

Today, with the development of microgrid technology becoming more and more mature, the rational configuration and application of energy storage device is one of the main ways to solve the problems of randomness and intermittence of distributed generation, and a good optimal allocation method of microgrid composite energy storage capacity can ensure the economic and reliable operation of microgrid. Hydrogen energy storage, which has emerged in recent years, has the advantages of clean and large capacity, and is of great significance for "carbon neutralization" and "carbon emission". Hydrogen energy development and utilization has become an important part of the energy system of many countries in the world. Energy storage is the basis for the construction of new energy microgrid, but single energy storage can not meet the operation requirements under the current rapid development of microgrid. Therefore, the capacity configuration of hybrid energy storage is the focus of research at this stage. Taking the hybrid energy storage microgrid containing hydrogen energy storage as the basic structure, this paper introduces the mathematical model and related research of each component of microgrid, and compares hydrogen energy storage with other energy storage; The current research status and existing problems of energy storage capacity allocation are described; Other research directions and innovations of hydrogen energy storage in the future are analyzed and prospected.

Microwave-assisted ionothermal synthesis is a new synthesis technology that uses ionic liquid or low co-melting mixtures as solvents and template agents, supplemented by microwave heating. It not only retains the characteristics of low melting point and non-volatile of ionic liquid/low co-melting mixture, but also provides a new development perspective for material synthesis, conforms to the carbon neutralization development goal. In this paper, the application of microwave ion heat in material synthesis is reviewed, including the synthesis of molecular decoration, the synthesis of nanomaterials and the synthesis of some other materials. And the prospect of microwave ion thermal synthesis is explored.

Desert steppe is the limit state of steppe and the transition from steppe to desert steppe. The identification of patches among different communities in desert steppe areas is important for evaluating grassland desertification. It’s valuabe to explore an efficient and rapid way to identify the distribution of patches among different communities in desert steppe areas for the dynamic monitoring of grassland desertification and the rational use and preservation of grassland resources. In this paper, remote sensing image data from desert grassland areas are collected by a UAV equipped with a high-resolution spectrometer, and principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data. After improving the convolutional neural network and fusing the features of different convolutional layers, a 2D convolutional neural network (MFF-2DCNN) recognition method with multilayer feature fusion is proposed. The results show that the overall accuracy of the model for micropatch recognition in desert steppe areas is 92.23%, which is 4.35, 25.71 and 0.95 percentage points higher than that of an SVM, a KNN model and the original 2D-CNN model, respectively. The effective combination of UAV remote sensing and convolution neural network provides a new idea for the identification and classification of different communities in desert steppe.

Aiming at the problems of cumbersome process, poor effect and difficult application of traditional pest and disease image recognition methods, this paper takes pictures of 17 leaf diseases and pests of three crops of tomato, corn and potato as the research subjects. By improving the MobileNetV3 network model and deploying it to the mobile terminal, the effective classification of images of various crop diseases and insect pests is achieved. First, random cropping, rotation and other preprocessing operations are performed on the images of pests and diseases, and data expansion is performed on the unbalanced samples. Then the prior knowledge learned by the MobileNetV3 network from the ImageNet dataset is applied to the pests and diseases dataset through the transfer learning strategy. After fine-tuning the parameters and using the RAdam optimizer, the improved lightweight network model is obtained. Finally, the model is ported to the Android mobile phone through the Android Studio development software. The experimental results show that the model has the advantages of high precision, small memory occupation, and fast recognition speed, which can meet the basic requirements for detection of crop leaf diseases and insect pests, and has important reference significance for the development of smart agriculture.

Cross-language information retrieval is one of the important tasks in the field of information retrieval. Existing cross-lingual neural retrieval methods usually use single-task learning, and the single feature capture model limits the performance of neural retrieval models. Therefore, a cross-language retrieval method based on multi-task learning is proposed, which uses a text classification task as a secondary task and captures feature information of both tasks simultaneously using a shared text feature extraction layer so that it learns the feature patterns of different tasks, and then feeds the feature vectors into the neural retrieval model and the text classification model to complete the two tasks, respectively. In addition, the external corpus introduced by the text classification task also plays a role in data augmentation to a certain extent, further increasing the level of feature information. Experiments conducted on four language pairs from the CLEF 2000-2003 dataset show that the present method significantly improves the text feature extraction and thus enhances the neural retrieval model performance, increasing the MAP values of the neural retrieval model by 0.012-0.188 and increased the speed of model convergence by an average of 24.3%.

In order to design and implement reliable Web Service applications, developers still need to hand-code complex business logic, which is a tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone task. In order to solve the problem, a Web Service generation method based on the low-code development paradigm is proposed by combining requirements prototyping technology RM2PT. The proposed method establishes transformation rules for OCL expressions, extracts the code features of such applications, constructs transformation templates, and creates transformation algorithms for processed and parsing the requirements model. The method is demonstrated through four case studies. The result of the experiment shows that about 93.3% of the system operations can be generated automatically. Compared with traditional software development methodologies, the new approach can automatically generate standardized Web Service directly from requirements models, which can improve the efficiency and quality of software development. Furthermore, this approach can fully support iterative development in rapid prototyping in which requirements may keep changing, because the approach provides a GUI for users to validate, edit and change their requirements, and the approach can regenerate the Web Service accordingly.

Aiming at the problem of low search efficiency and local optimum of Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), an improved multi-strategy Slime Mould Algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the optimal population is obtained by Tent mapping reverse learning strategy as the initial population to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. Secondly, slime molds updates location through adaptive weight strategy and disturbance strategy, adjusts the exploration and development ability of the algorithm, avoids falling into premature, and improves the convergence speed. Finally, compared with four classical algorithms including PSO, WOA, GWO, SMA and a related improved SMA algorithm, CEC test function is tested. The optimization results show that the improved algorithm has strong search efficiency and ability to avoid falling into local optimum. The algorithm can find the global optimal value in a short period of time, which are more effective and can improves the convergence speed and convergence accuracy of the test function to some degrees.

The center and limit cycle bifurcation of a class of three-dimensional cubic systems with two symmetric singularities are studied. Firstly, the first eight singular points of the adjoint complex system are calculated with the help of computer algebra software, a set of necessary conditions for the two singular points to become the center are obtained, and its sufficiency is further proved. Then the condition that the two singularities become the 8th order fine focus at the same time is derived. Finally, by using the Jacobian determinant method, it is proved that there are at least 16 small amplitude limit cycles in the system, and a new lower bound for the number of limit cycles of three-dimensional cubic system is given.

In the past two decades, the zero-divisor graphs that combine ring theory and graph theory have been a hot spot in mathematical research. Many scholars have defined a variety of graphs on the ring according to certain relationships, which are used to study the relationship between the properties of the rings and the properties of the graphs. This paper studies the properties of the quasi-zero divisor graphs of the full matrix rings over the residual class rings. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the matrix to be a vertex are shown in the quasi-zero divisor graphs of the full matrix rings over the residual class rings, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for any two vertices are shown in the quasi-zero divisor graphs of the full matrix rings that the distance between them is equal to 1,2,3. Finally it is proved that the quasi-zero divisor graphs of the full matrix rings over the two residual class rings are isomorphic if and only if the ground ring of the full matrix rings are isomorphic, and the order of the full matrix rings are the same.

In this paper, a real-time communication problem of point-to-point (P2P) under fading channels is discussed. Specifically, assuming that transmission tasks with a known size arrive at the system randomly, and each transmission task has a strict time delay, the system’s real-time optimal transmission strategy under a random attenuation channel is studied, so as to maximize the total expected benefit of the system discount. Firstly, the communication model is transformed into Markov decision process (MDP). Considering the dimensionality disaster based on MDP architecture, this paper analyzes the P2P real-time transmission problem based on the restless bandit process model (RBP), and proves that the indexability of P2P real-time transmission under the fading channel. Then the Whittle index closed solution of the transmission strategy is given. The conclusion of this paper theoretically ensures the existence of the Whittle index of P2P real-time transmission strategyunder the fading channel, and the closed solution of the Whittle index can be used to design a transmission scheduling algorithm with low time complexity. This is of guiding significance for the design and optimization of P2P real-time communication under fading channel.

The complex walking dynamics of an ascending stairs biped robot with telescopic legs and pulse thrust is studied. The telescopic leg structure is used to solve the problem of touching steps and pulse thrust along the supporting leg is used to provide the power source. The dynamic model of biped robot walking up stairs is established by using Lagrange equation and angular momentum conservation law. Impulse thrust with velocity dependent and amplitude constraint is considered and a Poincaré map is constructed. By using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the complex dynamics, such as periodic solution and its bifurcation of the system, are studied, and the effects of pulse parameters and structural parameters on the stable walking of biped robot are discussed. The results show that when the appropriate parameters are selected, the system has a stable periodic-1 solution, and the biped robot can climb stairs stably. Compared with constant pulse thrust, impulse thrust with velocity dependent and amplitude constraint can help the stair climbing biped robot to quickly enter a stable walking state.

The extraction process of total alkaloids from Corydalis saxicola Bunting was studied by single factor test and orthogonal test, using the yield of dehydrocavidine as the evaluation index. The antioxidant activity of total alkaloids of C. saxicola Bunting was evaluated by free radical scavenging method in vitro. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of total alkaloids were as follows: extraction temperature 80 ℃, extraction time 2.5 h, ethanol concentration 60%, solid-liquid ratio 1∶14, extraction for 3 times, under this condition the total alkaloids yield of C. saxicola Bunting was 7.34%. The antioxidant experiments showed that the crude extract of total alkaloids from C. saxicola Bunting had good scavenging effect on DPPH· and superoxide radical, and had a certain scavenging effect on ABTS⁺· and hydroxyl radical, showing in a concentration dependent manner, whick revealed that the crude extract of total alkaloids from C. saxicola Bunting are potential natural antioxidants.

In this paper, Li₂FeSiO₄ as well as Li₂FeSiO₄/C was prepared as cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries by direct high temperature solid-sate reaction, and effect of carbonized modification on the structure, electrical conductivity, lithium intercalation/de-intercalation property, and cyclic specific capacity of Li₂FeSiO₄ was investigated. The result shows that this process of material preparation is economic and scalable. The carbonized composite helps to enhance the electrical conductivity of Li₂FeSiO₄, and also improves the particle distribution after phase formation reaction of Li₂FeSiO₄. Most importantly, carbonized composite quite facilitates the lithium intercalation/de-intercalation and greatly promotes the cyclic specific capacity of Li₂FeSiO₄, and initial discharge capacity of Li₂FeSiO₄/C under rate of 0.1C reaches above 120 mAh/g, much higher than the 20 mAh/g of Li₂FeSiO₄. In conclusion, Li₂FeSiO₄ is a most promising cathode material of lithium-ion batteries, and carbonized modification can overcome the shortcomings of this cathode material in aspects of electrical conductivity, electrochemical performance, and so on.

The structural stability of algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) would affect the efficiency of wastewater treatment process using ABGS. As a result, this article was based on different aeration period of SBR process and analysis of water quality. The fractal dimension calculation method based on box dimension was used to study the removal efficiency and fractal characteristics of ABGS under different working conditions. The results showed that under the same hydraulic retention time and aeration time, the removal efficiency and morphological characteristics of ABGS were similar in the intermittent aeration cycle time ≤2 h. At a higher aeration rate, the removal rates of COD and TP of ABGS were higher, and the content of microalgae effectively affects the removal of TP. In addition, the fractal dimension of ABGS was between 1.78 and 1.83, which was similar to the morphological characteristics of aerobic granular sludge. The larger the fractal dimension was, the more complex the structure was, the higher the compactness was, and the better the settlement performance was.

With the rapid development of urbanization, water pollution is becoming more serious, while the types of receiving water bodies in urban wastewater treatment plants are becoming increasingly complex, resulting in substandard drainage water quality of wastewater treatment plants. In this paper, the A²/O process of Toutunhe wastewater treatment plant in Urumqi, Xinjiang is taken as the research object. Based on the single-factor test, the Box-Behnken response surface method is used, combined with both BP neural network (RSM-BP) and genetic algorithm-ANN neural network (GA-NN), so as to optimize and predict the nitrogen removal conditions of the A²/O process. The results showed that the factors affecting the TN removal rate were organic load (F/M) > carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) > carbon-phosphorus ratio (C/P), while the optimal process conditions optimized by RSM-BP were C/N=8.95, C/P=72.01 and F/M=0.088 d^-1. The predicted TN removal rate was 79.12%, the validated value was 77.36%, and the relative error value was 2.275%. The optimal process conditions optimized by GA-NN were C/N=9.00, C/P=72.15 and F/M=0.09 d^-1. The predicted value of TN removal rate was 79.25%, the validated value was 78.71%, and the relative error value was 0.686%. The higher TN removal rate was, the smaller error predicted by GA-NN, which indicates that the application of GA-NN algorithm in A²/O process is effective, which can also provide theoretical guidance for the operation of wastewater treatment plant.

In order to improve the blood flow characteristics near the wall after vascular stent implantation, inhibit the adhesion of platelets, lipids and other substances in the vascular stent and reduce the probability of restenosis in the stent, regular hexagonal convex micro textures with different heights were designed on the inner surface of the tubular vascular stent based on the principle of bionics.The effects of different height micro textures on the blood flow near the wall during systole and diastole were studied by finite element method. The results show that compared with non textured stents, stents with micro texture on the inner wall can effectively improve the blood flow state. When the blood flow velocity reaches the peak value during cardiac systole, the blood flow velocity under stents with micro texture height of 35 μm can be increased by 0.78%, and that under stents with micro texture height of 50 μm can be increased by 8.93%; When the diastolic blood flows smoothly, the blood flow velocity under the stent with 35 μm micro texture height can be increased by 2.20%, and the blood flow velocity under the stent with 50 μm micro texture height can be increased by 14.37%. Especially when the blood velocity reaches the peak, the blood near the wall appears disturbance and stagnation zone. With the increase of micro texture height, the amplitude of blood disturbance increases gradually; When the blood flow is in a stable state, the blood produces vortex and backflow near the wall. The higher the micro texture, the smaller the blood backflow and the greater the vortex intensity. Compared with non textured stents, micro textured stents can effectively improve the blood flow characteristics near the wall, improve the blood flow velocity and disturbance near the wall, and reduce the risk of restenosis.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and difficult to treat cancers. Currently, Melanoma is mainly treated by using targeted and immunotherapeutic agents. However, their success is limited by the development of resistance, which curtails long-term response rates. Thus, novel prognostic approaches are needed to guide individualized treatment and improve outcomes. In this paper, a multicox analysis of TCPA and TCGA datasets is used to develop a prognostic model based on P21, YAP, X1433ZETA, CKIT, S6, CD20, LCK, P27, CD49B, GATA6 and SRC_pY416 proteins. Risk score analysis for each patient indicated that those with high risk scores had worse prognosis relative to those with low risk scores. Cox and multi-Cox model analyses revealed that prognosis correlated with risk scores. Co-expression analysis identified various proteins that were co-expressed with the prognostic model’s proteins. Overexpression of the low risk protein, GATA6, and the high risk protein X1433ZETA, in melanoma cells revealed tumor growth suppression by GATA6, and tumor growth promotion by X1433ZETA, in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this novel melanoma prognostic model can guide individualized treatment.

In order to explore the genetic diversity and genetic status of the Quasipaa spinosa, 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite makers were chosen to comprehend the genetic information based on 148 samples from five breeding populations (Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian population). A total of 46 different alleles were detected, with mean number of alleles and effective alleles were 5.111 and 2.702, respectively. The observed mean heterozygosity was 0.182, and the expected heterozygosity was 0.589 while the polymorphic information content reached to 0.536. Among populations, the heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were ranged from 0.130 to 0.230 and 0.353 to 0.468, respectively, with the heterozygosity lesser than the expected heterozygosity. The genetic relationship of Guangdong and Guangxi population showed the highest genetic similarity (0.819), while Fujian and Jiangxi population showed the lowest genetic similarity (0.441), according to the reslut based on UPGMA clustering. The study indicates that the cultured population of Q. spinosa has a degree inbreeding, suggesting that the breeding range should be expanded and superior varieties from other fields should be introduced regularly as breeding parents to reduce inbreeding.

In order to investigate the difference between the selected body temperature (T_sel) and locomotor ability of field Shinisaurus crocodilurus and captive-bred S. crocodilurus,the selected body temperature and locomotor ability of captive-bred S. crocodilurus and field S. crocodilurus were measured under experimental conditions. It was found that there was no significant difference between the selected body temperature of field and captive-bred S. crocodilurus and there was no significant correlation between the selected body temperature of each sample and its sex, body weight and body length. Artificial breeding resulted in a decrease in the locomotor ability of S. crocodilurus, and the instantaneous running speed of wild S. crocodilurus (1.098±0.167 m/s) was significantly higher than that of artificially bred S. crocodilurus (0.842±0.186 m/s) (P<0.001), and the sex factor had no significant effect on the instantaneous running speed of S. crocodilurus. The designed captive-breed habitat remained essentially the same as that of the field S. crocodilurus, resulting in no significant change in selected body temperature between the two. The relatively small feeding space, low threat of natural enemies and artificial feeding practices may be the main reasons for the reduced motility of captive S. crocodilurus. To enable captive-bred S. crocodilurus to adapt to the field environment later on, it’s necessary to incerease the training of their locomotor ability in the captive breeding process.

In this study, the composition, distribution, morphological characteristics, and pigment content of pigment cells in different parts of the skin, scales, and dorsal fin of rice flower carp in Quanzhou (Cyprinus carpio) were studied by microscopy, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and enzyme-linked immunoassay. The results showed that the back of rice flower carp in Quanzhou was dark brown, the abdomen were white and translucent, the operculum was transparent with gill filaments were visible. The pigment cells in the scales mainly include melanophores, xanthophores, and a few erythrophores. Compared with C. carpio var. Jian, there were no containing guanine crystals in rice flower carp in Quanzhou. The back skin of rice flower carp in Quanzhou contains melanophores, xanthophores, and erythrophores; the abdominal skin of rice flower carp in Quanzhou contains only a small amount of xanthophores and erythrophores, without melanophores. The results also showed that melanophores and xanthophores are the main cells in fin rays. The staining observation of skin sections showed that there was no iridophores band under the skin of rice flower carp. The contents of melanin in the skin of rice flower carp in Quanzhou was 10.10 ng/L and 39.70% (P< 0.01) higher than that of C. carpio var. Jian, and the lutein was 1.53 mg/kg, which was 71.29% (P< 0.05) lower than that of C. carpio var. Jian. This study laid a foundation for further revealing the molecular mechanism of the formation of special body-color traits of rice flower carp in Quanzhou and the breeding of improved varieties.

Foraging and dispersal of plant fruit by frugivorous birds are of great significance to the regeneration and diffusion of plant population. With Safari 10×26 zoom binoculars, the focus scanning method was adopted to observe the bird foraging behavior of Bischofia javanicain the campus of Guangxi Normal University for nationalities from November 2020 to January 2021. The information of bird species, foraging substrates, visiting frequency, foraging time, foraging amount and foraging methods were recorded to explore the potential effects of the characteristics of B. javanica (fruit amounts, canopy density and height) and the morphological characteristics of birds (bill length, body length and weight) on the feeding behavior of birds. The results showed that B. javanica cloud attracted 5 species of frugivorous birds to feed on its fruit, and Chinese Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), Red-whiskered Bulbul (P. jocosus), Sooty-headed Bulbul (P. aurigaster) and Brown-breasted Bulbul (P. xanthorhous) swallowed the whole fruit, which were considered the potential seed dispersers of B. javanica. There were significant differences in the average number of visitors, average foraging time and average foraging amount among different birds. Fruit amount was positively related to the individuals, species richness, Shannon index and Simpson index of birds; Plant canopy density and height were positively related to the individuals. The morphological characteristics (body weight, body length and bill length) of birds were positively correlated with the foraging amount of the fruits, which indicated that the characteristics of plants and animals would affect the birds foraging behavior on the fruits of B. javanica, and then affect the regeneration of its population.

To clarify the diversity and difference of microbial metabolic function between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere, and be helpful for understanding the ecological adaptation of Heteroplexis microcephala and other endemic plants in karst area, five types of representative samples from Yangshuo County, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, were collected to analyze the microbial diversity and metabolic function by Biolog plate methods. The results showed that the values of pH and available K, total N, total P, total K, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, exchange calcium, and exchange magnesium content in the rhizosphere were higher than those in the non-rhizosphere. The average color change rate of microorganism in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. The diversity index and dominance index of rhizosphere microorganisms in the two distribution sites were basically the same as those in the non-rhizosphere, while those in the other three distribution sites were significantly higher than those in the non-rhizosphere. The carbon sources used in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbes were mainly sugars and carboxylic acids, and ability of utilize carbon source of four rhizosphere microorganisms were higher than those of non-rhizosphere. PCA results showed that sugars were the main carbon source driving the difference between those in rhizosphere and in non-rhizosphere. RAD results showed that differences in soil nutrient concentration did significantly impact the carbon source utilization of microorganisms in rhizosphere. Total potassium, exchange calcium and magnesiumand had a great impact on the carbon source utilization of microorganisms in rhizosphere. In general, the activity of the rhizosphere microorganisms and soil nutrient cycling were improved by secreting compounds such as carboxylic acid and sugar, which become the important way of beneficial micro ecological environment to adapting karst adversity.

Sphallerocarpusg racilis is considered as “second Panax Ginseng” in Compendium of Materia Medica. The high-throughput sequencing platform BGISEQ-500 was used to sequence the transcriptome of Huangshen (S. racills) leaf and transcriptome analysis software was used for assembly, and annotation. The results showed: 1) A total of 99 981 unigenes were obtained through de novo assembly,with total length of 113 850 816 bp, an average length of 1 138 bp and N50 of 1 874 bp. GC content accounted for 39.93%. 2) The unigenes were functionally annotated by searching against seven protein databases. There were 49 390 (NT:49.40%), 48 281 (SwissProt:48.29%), 61 116 (KOGdatabase:61.13%) and 55 859 (Pfam:55.87%) Unigenes for functional annotation,respectively. 3) Compared with NR database, 66 451 Unigene were annotated in the NR. It was found that S. gracilis had higher homology with Daucus carota subsp. sativus, but lower homology with other species. 4) 78 040 Unigeneswere annotated within 40 terms of three main GO (Gene Ontology) categories. According to function, they were divided into biological process, cellular component and molecular function, which included 15, 11 and 14 subclasses respectively, with the largest proportion of classes performing biological process. 5) For KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)analysis, 51 479 Unigenes were assigned to 20 known metabolic pathways. 6) 61 116 Unigenes were annotated in the KOG database and a total of 26 gene functional categories were obtained.Among them, the genes involved in general function, signal transduction mechanisms, translation, modification and protein transportation were the most abundant categories. 7) A total of 62 323 CDSs were detected by Transdecoder from the transcriptome. Moreover, a total of 17 308 SSRs(simple sequence repeats) from 13 256 Unigenes were identified from the transcriptome. Di-nucleotidere peat motif was the most abundant SSR, accounting for 38.83% (6 721 SSRs). 2 370 Unigenes encoding transcription factors were predicted. Conclusion: The study provided valuable information and abundant resources for revealing its genetic background, future functional genome analysis, molecular marker developmentand laid a foundation for comprehensive utilization and protection of S. racills.