套种马铃薯对罗汉果农田土壤酶活性及细菌多样性的影响

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doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2024050803

摘要： 套种和施加外源有机物能够有效缓解罗汉果连作障碍,提高土壤肥力。本文探索罗汉果单作及套种马铃薯种植模式下,水稻秸秆及其生物炭还田对罗汉果农田土壤酶活性及细菌多样性的影响。设置罗汉果单作、套种马铃薯、套种马铃薯+水稻秸秆还田、套种马铃薯+水稻秸秆生物炭还田和套种马铃薯+水稻秸秆及其生物炭混施还田5种处理进行为期10个月的大田试验,分析不同处理对农田土壤酶活性及细菌多样性的影响。结果表明,与单作相比,套种马铃薯提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,降低了土壤磷酸酶活性,降低0.75 mg·g^-1·d^-1。套种马铃薯土壤细菌的Chao1指数、ACE指数、Shannon指数分别增加624.56、643.5、0.47,但降低了变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度。套种模式下水稻秸秆及其生物炭还田提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,降低了土壤过氧化氢酶活性,降低幅度为30.89%~69.29%。水稻秸秆及其生物炭混施还田增加了土壤细菌的Chao1指数、ACE指数、Shannon指数,分别增加309.23、465.20、0.46,同时增加了变形菌门的相对丰度。综上,与单作相比,套种马铃薯通过提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,促进了土壤碳组分的转化;套种模式下,水稻秸秆及其生物炭混施还田提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,有助于提高土壤肥力,促进土壤健康。

关键词: 土壤酶活性, 土壤细菌多样性, 罗汉果农田, 马铃薯套种, 水稻秸秆/生物炭, 还田

Abstract: Soil continuous cropping obstacle in Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo Han Guo) farmland can be effectively alleviated, meanwhile, soil fertility also can be improved by interplanting with potatoes and application with organic matter. In this study, the effects of rice straw and its biochar on soil enzyme activity and bacterial diversity in Siraitia grosvenorii farmland were analyzed. Firstly, five treatments, ie., Siraitia grosvenorii only, Siraitia grosvenorii interplanting with potato, Siraitia grosvenorii interplanting with potato+rice straw, Siraitia grosvenorii interplanting with potato+rice straw biochar, and Siraitia grosvenorii interplanting with potato+rice straw and biochar were set up. And the effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities and bacterial diversity are analyzed. The results showed that the activities of soil urease, sucrase, and catalase activities all could be improved by interplanting with potatoes in Siraitia grosvenorii farmland. However, in comparsion with Siraitia grosvenorii monoculture, soil phosphatase activity only was decreased with 0.75 mg·g^-1·d^-1. Meanwhile, the diversity and richness indexes, such as Chao1, ACE and Shannon were all increased by intercropping with potatoes 624.56, 643.5, and 0.47, respectively, but at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria all decreased in Siraitia grosvenorii interplanting with potato treatment. Under the intercropping mode, rice straw and its biochar returning to field increased the activities of soil urease, phosphatase, and sucrase, while decreased the activities of soil catalase by 30.89% to 69.29%. Furthermore, the bacterial diversity and richness, such as the index of Chao1, ACE, and Shannon were all improved by Siraitia grosvenorii interplanting with potato+rice straw, Siraitia grosvenorii interplanting with potato+rice straw biochar, and Siraitia grosvenorii interplanting with potato+rice straw and biochar treatment with 309.23, 465.20, and 0.46, respectively. Meanwhile, in comparison with the monoculture, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria in other four treatment were all increased. In conclusion, compared with monoculture, interplanting potato promoted the conversion of soil carbon components by increasing the activities of soil urease, sucrase, and catalase; under the interplanting mode, the urease, phosphatase, and sucrase activities of soil were increased by the mixed application of rice straw and its biochar, which helped to improve soil fertility and promote soil health.

Key words: soil enzyme activity, soil bacterial diversity, Siraitia grosvenorii farmlands, potato interplanting, rice straw/biochar, return to field

中图分类号: S-3

刘学惠, 谢雅淇, 曾奕诚, 胡乐宁. 套种马铃薯对罗汉果农田土壤酶活性及细菌多样性的影响[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 43(1): 174-184.

LIU Xuehui, XIE Yaqi, ZENG Yicheng, HU Lening. Effects of Interplanting Potatoes on Soil Enzyme Activity and Bacterialdiversity in Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo Han Guo)[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 43(1): 174-184.

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