红背山麻杆碳氮磷钾的分布及其计量比特征

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2022101404

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以喀斯特地区先锋植物红背山麻杆Alchornea trewioides为研究对象,在不同时期野外定点取样,室内处理后测定植株全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)含量和样点土壤碳、氮、磷、钾含量,以阐明不同物候期该物种根茎叶中TC、TN、TP、TK含量的分配特征、生态化学计量特征,探讨土壤养分含量变化对植株元素含量的影响。研究结果表明: 1)从花期到落叶期,植株根茎叶中的TC、TN、TP和TK含量分别为428.42~460.64、8.43~25.81、0.37~1.13、2.82~6.32 g/kg。各器官中以叶的TC、TN、TP、TK含量最高,在花期含量均值分别为446.75、24.12、1.13、6.32 g/kg,果期含量均值分别为451.405、25.805、0.88、5.54 g/kg,落叶期含量均值分别为460.635、19.02、1.07、5.52 g/kg。不同物候期C、N、K含量在根中较在茎和叶中稳定,P含量的波动在根中较在茎、叶中大,表现在不同器官的TC、TN、TK变异系数由大到小依次为茎、叶、根,TP变异系数由大到小依次为根、叶、茎。根中TP的变异系数为39.1%,较茎高250.04%,较叶高206.67%。2)从花期到落叶期,植株根茎叶中的碳氮比、碳磷比、碳钾比、氮磷比(质量比)分别为17.53~51.99、396.86~1 179.7、71.16~154.88、13.28~29.59。各器官中以叶的碳氮比、碳磷比、碳钾比最低,氮磷比在花期由大到小依次为根、叶、茎,在果期和落叶期由大到小依次为叶、根、茎,根、茎、叶的氮磷比在落叶期均趋近16。花期到落叶期,红背山麻杆叶片的氮磷比均大于16,红背山麻杆的生长受P限制。不同器官和物候期对碳氮比、碳磷比、碳钾比、氮磷比存在极显著互作效应。3)研究区域土壤全氮对植株TN含量,土壤速效钾对植株TC和TK含量有重要影响,土壤全碳、速效磷含量对植株TC、TN、TP、TK含量影响不显著。

关键词: 生态化学计量, 物候期, 喀斯特地区, 红背山麻杆

Abstract: Fixed-point sampling was conducted in the field at different periods to explore the change of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the stoichiometry characteristics in the roots, stems and leaves in different phenological periods of the Alchornea trewioides which is known as the pioneer plant in karst area. The contents of soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were measured and the content of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) in plants and their relationships with soil nutrients were analyzed, and the correlation between plant element content and basic soil nutrients content were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) From florescence to abscission period, the variation range of TC, TN, TP and TK are 428.42~460.64 g/kg, 8.43~25.81 g/kg, 0.37~1.13 g/kg, and 2.82~6.32 g/kg, respectively The contents of TC, TN, TP and TK in leaves are the highest in all organs. At florescence, the contents of C, N, P and K in leaves were 446.75, 24.12, 1.13 and 6.32 g/kg, respectively. At fruit stage, the contents of C, N, P and K in leaves were 451.405、25.805、0.88 and 5.54 g/kg, respectively. In the abscission period, the contents of C, N, P and K in leaves were 460.635、19.02、1.07 and 5.52 g/kg, respectively. The contents of C, N and K in roots are more stable than those in stems and leaves, and the fluctuation of P content in roots is larger than that in stems and leaves. The variation coefficient of TC, TN, TK in different organs is stem >leaf > root, and the variation coefficient of TP is root > leaf > stem. The variation coefficient of TP in root is 39.1%, 250.04% higher than that of stem and 206.67% higher than that of leaf. (2) From florescence to abscission period, the variation range of m_C∶m_N, m_C∶m_P, m_C∶m_K and m_N∶m_P in roots, stems and leaves were 17.53~51.99, 396.86~1 179.7,71.16~154.88 and 13.28~29.59, respectively. Among all organs, the mass ratio of m_C∶m_N, m_C∶m_P and m_C∶m_K of leaves is the lowest. At florescence, the mass ratio of m_N:m_P is root > leaf > stem, in fruit and abscission period it is leaf > root and stem. The mass ratio of m_N∶m_P of roots, stems and leaves approaches 16 in abscission period.The m_N∶m_P mass ratio of the leaves of Alchornea trewioides were higher than 16, and the growth of the Alchornea trewioides is limited by P. The interaction effects of different organs and phenophases on m_C∶m_N, m_C∶m_P, m_C∶m_K and m_N∶m_P were significant. (3) Soil total nitrogen had an important effect on plant TN content, and soil available potassium had an important effect on plant TC and TK content, while soil total carbon and available phosphorus content had no significant effect on plant TC, TN, TP and TK.

Key words: ecological stoichiometry, phenology, karst areas, Alchornea trewioides

中图分类号: S793.9; Q948

杨盼, 黄莹, 岑丽捷, 黄丽, 王海苗. 红背山麻杆碳氮磷钾的分布及其计量比特征[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 41(6): 169-178.

YANG Pan, HUANG Ying, CEN Lijie, HUANG Li, WANG Haimiao. Distribution of C, N, P, K and Its Ecological Stoichiometry Characteristics in Alchornea trewioides[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 41(6): 169-178.

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