基于微卫星的黑颈鹤与灰鹤个体识别及亲缘关系研究

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2025120502

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文开发一套适用于黑颈鹤Grus nigricollis与灰鹤Grus grus的微卫星标记体系,旨在为二者的保护遗传学研究提供可靠工具。基于贵州草海国家级自然保护区采集的1 408根羽毛样品及2份肌肉DNA样本,利用微卫星标记对黑颈鹤与灰鹤进行个体识别和亲缘关系分析。通过位点筛选与优化,分别构建13个(黑颈鹤)和16个(灰鹤)位点的个体识别方案。该体系表现出极高的鉴别能力:黑颈鹤的无关个体基因型匹配概率(PID)和同胞个体基因型匹配概率(PIDsib)分别为5.797×10^-11和4.886×10^-5,灰鹤分别为1.308×10^-18和2.700×10^-7,成功鉴别出66只黑颈鹤和68只灰鹤个体。在此基础上,进一步评估位点数量对亲缘关系分析分辨率的影响:灰鹤基于16个位点的组合已能够稳定区分不同亲缘等级;黑颈鹤位点增至16个时能更准确区分不同亲缘等级。本文构建的微卫星系统为后续解析2种鹤类的社群结构、评估种群动态及实施科学保护管理提供关键技术支撑。

关键词: 黑颈鹤, 灰鹤, 微卫星标记, 个体识别, 亲缘关系

Abstract: This study developed a microsatellite marker system suitable for the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) and the Common Crane (Grus grus), aiming to provide a reliable tool for their conservation genetics research. Based on 1 408 feather samples and two muscle DNA samples collected from the Caohai National Nature Reserve in Guizhou, microsatellite markers were employed for individual identification and genetic relationship analysis of the two crane species. Through locus screening and optimization, individual identification panels comprising 13 loci (for Black-necked Crane) and 16 loci (for Common Crane) were constructed, respectively. The systems demonstrated extremely high discriminatory power: the probability of identity for unrelated individuals (PID) and the probability of identity among siblings (PIDsib) for the Black-necked Crane were 5.797×10^-11 and 4.886×10^-5, respectively, and 1.308×10^-18 and 2.700×10^-7 for the Common Crane. A total of 66 individual Black-necked Cranes and 68 individual Common Cranes were successfully identified. Furthermore, this study evaluated the impact of locus number on the resolution of genetic relationship analysis. The results showed that the 16-locus panel for the Common Crane could consistently distinguish different genetic relationship categories, while increasing the loci to 16 enabled more accurate discrimination of various genetic relationship grades for the Black-necked Crane. The microsatellite system established in this study provides crucial technical support for subsequent analyses of the social structure, population dynamics, and scientific conservation management of these two crane species.

Key words: black-necked crane, common crane, microsatellite markers, individual identification, genetic relationship

中图分类号: Q959.7

沈悦, 戴传银. 基于微卫星的黑颈鹤与灰鹤个体识别及亲缘关系研究[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 44(6): 245-256.

Shen Yue, Dai Chuanyin. Individual identification and genetic relationship analysis of black-necked cranes and common cranes based on microsatellite markers[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 44(6): 245-256.

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