氮磷添加对亚热带喀斯特森林凋落物分解的影响

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2025040803

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 亚热带喀斯特生态系统土层浅薄,养分限制明显,凋落物分解及养分归还对其生态功能维持至关重要。全球变化下氮(N)、磷(P)沉降持续增加可能加剧喀斯特区养分限制,但其影响规律仍不清楚。本文研究通过一年期养分添加下凋落物分解试验,揭示N、P添加对喀斯特森林凋落物分解及养分释放的影响,结果表明:1)单独N添加显著抑制凋落物分解(-9.50%),效应集中于前期(0~180 d),而N+P添加在后期(180~360 d)显著促进分解(+10.46%),单独P添加影响不显著。2)N添加前期显著抑制纤维素分解(-21.04%),后期显著抑制木质素分解(-19.57%),而N+P添加前期显著促进木质素分解(+26.46%),后期显著促进纤维素分解(+20.76%)。3)N添加抑制绝大多数元素的释放,但仅在分解后期对N、Fe、Mn的抑制达到显著水平;N+P添加促进绝大多数元素的释放,但仅在前期对K、后期对C和N的促释作用达到显著水平;不同养分添加均抑制了P的释放,但仅P添加和N+P添加在后期达到显著水平,P添加对其他养分释放均无显著影响。4)凋落物C、N、微量元素释放及C/P、N/P比值与分解速率呈极显著正相关,突显了N、P共限制的效应特征及P化学计量平衡的主导作用。喀斯特生态系统的N、P共限制导致单独N或P添加对凋落物的分解与养分释放显著抑制或无影响,而N+P添加可协同促进分解并有效缓解养分限制。因此,在喀斯特生态系统养分循环研究中应充分关注N、P共限制的重要性。

关键词: 凋落物分解, 氮磷添加, 养分释放, 氮磷共限制, 喀斯特森林

Abstract: The shallow soil layer and pronounced nutrient limitations in subtropical karst ecosystems render litter decomposition and nutrient return crucial for maintaining ecological functions. Global changes involving continuous increase in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition may exacerbate nutrient limitations in karst regions, although the specific patterns of these impacts remain unclear. A one-year litter decomposition experiment under nutrient addition treatments was conducted to investigate the effects of N and P addition on litter decomposition and nutrient release in a karst forest. The results demonstrated that: (1) Sole N addition was found to significantly inhibit litter decomposition (-9.50%), particularly during the early decomposition phase (0-180 d), while N+P co-addition significantly enhanced decomposition (+10.46%) in the later phase (180-360 d). No significant effect was observed with P addition alone. (2) N addition was shown to significantly suppress cellulose decomposition (-21.04%) in the early phase and lignin decomposition (-19.57%) in the later phase. Conversely, N+P co-addition significantly promoted lignin decomposition (+26.46%) initially and cellulose decomposition (+20.76%) subsequently. (3) N addition inhibited the release of the majority of elements, although significant inhibition was only achieved for N, Fe, and Mn during the later decomposition stage. Combined N+P addition promoted the release of most elements, but significant promotion was only observed for K in the early stage and for C and N in the later stage. All nutrient addition treatments inhibited P release, but significant inhibition was only attained under sole P and combined N+P additions in the later stage. Sole P addition was observed to have no significant effect on the release of other nutrients. (4) Significant positive correlations were identified between decomposition rates and the release of C, N, trace elements, as well as C/P and N/P ratios, highlighting the co-limiting effects of N and P with particular emphasis on P stoichiometric regulation. The N-P co-limitation in karst ecosystems was revealed to induce suppression or null effects on litter decomposition and nutrient release under single nutrient additions, whereas synergistic enhancement was achieved through N-P co-addition. These findings emphasize the critical importance of considering N-P co-limitation in nutrient cycling studies of karst ecosystems.

Key words: litter decomposition, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, nutrient release, nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation, karst forest

中图分类号: Q948; S714

汪洋, 侯满福, 柏硕. 氮磷添加对亚热带喀斯特森林凋落物分解的影响[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 44(2): 228-237.

WANG Yang, HOU Manfu, BAI Shuo. Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition on Litter Decompositionin Subtropical Karst Forests[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 44(2): 228-237.

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