广西师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 188-203.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2024121101

• 生态环境科学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮源差异对菌渣堆肥效果及其微生物群落的影响

黄秋英1,2,3, 刘庆洋4, 马铷淇1,2,3, 黄丽红1,2,3, 许佳妤1,2,3, 文星月1,2,3, 巫柳仪1,2,3, 梁倩倩1,2,3, 覃云斌1,2,3*, 艾郴兵1,2,3*   

  1. 1.珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西 桂林 541006;
    2.广西漓江流域景观资源保育与可持续利用重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西 桂林 541006;
    3.广西师范大学 生命科学学院,广西 桂林 541006;
    4.中国科学院 昆明植物研究所,云南 昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11 修回日期:2025-04-18 发布日期:2025-11-19
  • 通讯作者: 覃云斌(1990—),男,广西桂林人,广西师范大学讲师,博士。E-mail: shuibaoqinyunbin@163.com
    艾郴兵(1983—),男,湖南郴州人,广西师范大学副教授,博士。E-mail: chenbingai@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22080072);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD21220163);广西大学生创新创业训练计划(创新训练项目)(S202410602161)

Effect of Nitrogen Source Difference on Composting Effect of Spent Mushroom Dreg and Microbial Community

HUANG Qiuying1,2,3, LIU Qingyang4, MA Ruqi1,2,3, HUANG Lihong1,2,3, XU Jiayu1,2,3, WEN Xingyue1,2,3, WU Liuyi1,2,3, LIANG Qianqian1,2,3, QIN Yunbin1,2,3*, AI Chenbing1,2,3*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangeredspecies and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University) Ministry of Education, Guilin Guangxi 541006, China;
    2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin Guangxi 541006, China;
    3. College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin Guangxi 541006, China;
    4. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650201, China
  • Received:2024-12-11 Revised:2025-04-18 Published:2025-11-19

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摘要： 中国是食用菌生产第一大国,每年产生上亿吨废弃菌渣,然而多数废弃菌渣直接丢弃或焚烧,不但污染环境且浪费其富含的大量营养物质,因此亟需资源化利用。本研究以废弃菌渣为主料,分别与鸡粪、牛粪2种氮源进行条垛式机械翻堆共堆肥,以探究菌渣与不同氮源共堆肥(初始C/N值为25)的腐熟效果及其微生物群落结构变化特征。结果表明,经过85 d发酵,鸡粪菌渣与牛粪菌渣处理的有机质含量大于等于30%,总养分含量均大于等于4%,pH在5.5~8.5且发芽指数大于等于70%,均达到《NY/T 525—2021 有机肥料》和《NY/T 3442—2019 畜禽粪便堆肥技术规范》要求。鸡粪菌渣处理的总氮、总磷、总钾和速效钾含量的增长率、发芽指数显著高于牛粪菌渣处理(P＜0.05),C/N和有机质的下降速率快于牛粪菌渣处理(P＜0.05)。对2种堆肥处理的pH、电导率(EC)、发芽指数(GI)、有机质(OM)等11项指标进行主成分综合评价,鸡粪菌渣处理的主成分综合得分高于牛粪菌渣处理。堆肥前后鸡粪菌渣处理的优势细菌由初始期的变形菌门(45.01%)转为放线菌门(31.84%)和变形菌门(23.71%),优势真菌由子囊菌门(60.69%)和担子菌门(38.29%)转为子囊菌门(91.22%);而牛粪菌渣处理的优势细菌由初始期的绿弯菌门(72.21%)变为变形菌门(27.38%)和绿弯菌门(23.99%),优势真菌由子囊菌门(82.84%)和unclassified_k_Fungi门(13.28%)变为子囊菌门(94.31%)。堆肥前后的细菌多样性指数,鸡粪菌渣处理由初始期的3.98增至5.26,牛粪菌渣处理由初始期的2.79增至5.67(P＜0.05)。随机森林分析表明,有机质、含水率、碳氮比、总氮和总磷含量是影响堆肥过程中微生物群落丰富度和多样性的关键因素。综上,氮源差异会导致废弃菌渣堆肥过程中微生物群落和理化指标存在差异,进而影响堆肥效果,其中鸡粪作为氮源的堆肥腐熟效果更好。

关键词: 鸡粪, 牛粪, 菌渣, 腐熟度, 微生物群落

Abstract: China is the largest producer of edible mushrooms, producing hundreds of millions of tons of spent mushroom dreg every year. However, most of the spent mushroom dreg is directly discarded or incinerated, which not only pollutes the environment but also wastes its rich nutrients, so it is urgent to use resources. In this study, spent mushroom dreg was used as the main material, and the two nitrogen sources, chicken manure and cattle manure, were respectively used for cutting mechanical composting, in order to explore the decomposition effect of bacterial residue and different nitrogen source co-compost (initial C/N was 25) and the characteristics of microbial community structure. The results showed that after 85 days of fermentation, organic matter content ≥30%, total nutrient content ≥4%, pH 5.5-8.5 and germination index ≥70% were obtained from chicken manure residue and cattle manure residue treatment, all of which met the requirements of (NY/T 525-2021 Organic Fertilizer) and (NY/T 3442-2019 Technical Specification for Livestock manure composting). The growth rate of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium content and germination index of chicken manure residue compost were significantly higher than those of cattle manure residue (P < 0.05), and the decline rate of C/N and organic matter were faster than that of cattle manure residue (P<0.05). The pH, conductivity (EC), germination index (GI), organic matter (OM) and other 12 indexes of the two compost treatments were evaluated, and the overall score of the principal component of the chicken manure residue treatment was higher than that of the cattle manure residue treatment. During the co-composting processes, the dominant bacterial phylum changed from Proteobacteria (45.01%) to Actinomycetes (31.84%) and Proteobacteria (23.71%), and the dominant fungous phylum changed from Ascomyces (60.69%) and Basidiomycetes (38.29%) to Ascomyces (91.22%). The dominant bacterial of the treatment changed from the initial Chloroflexi (72.21%) to Proteobacteria (27.38%) and Chloroflexi (23.99%), and the dominant fungous changed from Ascomycetes (82.84%) and unclassified_k_Fungi (13.28%) to Ascomycetes (94.31%). After co-composting, the bacterial diversity index of chicken manure mushroom dreg treatment increased from the initial 3.98 to 5.26, and that of cattle manure mushroom dreg treatment increased from the initial 2.79 to 5.67 (P<0.05). Random Forest model showed that organic matter, water content, carbon to nitrogen ratio, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents were the key factors affecting microbial community richness and diversity during composting. In conclusion, the difference of nitrogen sources will lead to the difference of microbial communities and physical and chemical indexes in the composting process of spent mushroom dreg, which will affect the composting effect. Among them, the compost with chicken manure as nitrogen source has better rotting effect.

Key words: chicken manure, cattle manure dung, spent mushroom dreg, compost maturity, microbial community

中图分类号:  S141.4

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