This study develops a model for simulation of the behaviors of learners,which investigates the changing patterns of learners' behaviors when the motivation and engagement are assigned with different values respectively.The results show good agreement with the phenomenon observed in practice and the model proposed is a promising approach.

The hybrid synchronization of two neurons described by Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model via single variable drive-response control is investigated.The synchronization strategy which applies feedback and adaptive control is proposed.The feasibility of the synchronization method is also analyzed.The numerical results showthatthe synchronization method can lead to anti-synchronization of partial variables while it causes synchronization of other variables,namely anti-synchronization and synchronization of two chaotic systems can be achieved by single variablecontrol.

In this paper,the leader-following consensus problem for multi-agent systems with directed networks is studied.The leader-following consensus problem for multi-agent systems is also discussed when the corresponding graph of the network is strongly connected.The designed coordination laws for thefollowes utilize the agents velocity information,then the stability of the closed-loop system is further analized based on the classical Lyapunov theory.The effect of the aggregation gains on the tracking performance of the closed-loop system is theoretically proved.Finally,simulation results validate the theoretical analysis.

In allusion to the on related research structuralismtendency of networks,and based on the understanding that the structure-relation duality is the inherence characteristic of informal relation,this paper studies the knowledge efficiency of small world networks under different probabilities of relation strength changing.The results show that,when the probability of relation strength change increases,the knowledge efficiency of small world networks can be enhanced apparently;especially,when the probability of relation strength change falls into a proper interval,the small world phenomenon of knowledge flowing appears.Further analysis shows the phenomenon is universal.

The cascading failure in power networks is analysed based on local preferential redistribution rule of the broken node's load,where the weight of a node is correlated with its link degree k as k^β.It is found thatthere exists a threshold α^* such that cascading failure is induced and enhanced when the tolerance parameter value is smaller than the threshold.In addition the larger βis the more robust the power network is.

Multimedia sensor networks are faced with the challenge of transmitting a large amount of data with limited energy resources.A distributed image compression-transmission algorithm is proposed in this paper.Ordinary nodes and compress images collaborate with each other.The cluster head transmits information after eliminating correlation of images which are sent by different notes.Simulation results show that this method can reduce the amount of transmitted image dataand save network energy consumption,which may be more practical.

An efficient model-based recognition algorithm is proposed to recognize 2D objects under translation,rotation,scale transformationand affine transformation.Five-point invariant descriptor is used here to represent the contours of objects.Grey relational analysis is then employed to classify the objectsby analyzing the relationship between them.To verify the proposed method,20 2D objects are used,and 14 images for each object are taken from different angles of camera view.So,there are 280 images to be tested.The experimental results reveal that the proposed method has a higher correct rate of recognition,and is more effective and reliable in object recognition compared with similar algorithms.

In this paper,several extensions of rough set under incomplete information systems,such as tolerance relation,non-symmetric similarity relation,limited tolerance relation and characteristic relation,are analyzed.Then a concept of inter-objectcompleted degree is proposed and limited tolerance relation model improved basedon inter-object completed degree is established.Finally,an example is given toillustrate that this model can deal with incomplete information systems more objectively.

Clustering has been traditionally viewed as an unsupervised method.Inreal world applications,it has been demonstrated that constraints can improve clustering performance.In this paper,a new semi-supervised spectral clusteringmethod based on pairwise constraints is proposed.The similar matrix is adjusted by the pairwise constraints,and then optimized.Combined with spectral clustering,an effective clustering algorithm can be obtained.The experiment shows thatthe algorithm has good clustering effect.

Attribute-Weighted Fuzzy C-means Algorithm mentioned in this paper may have different influence on each attribute with theiteration of objective function at the same time.It can find out the latent cluster structure without reducing the algorithm's efficiency.Considering the fact that parameters influence the results,this paper proposes a theoretic analysis based on the objective function of this algorithm.After strict formula derivation,this paper provides a parameters choosing rule.The experiments proved that this rule offersa parameters' choosing guideline to the AWFCM proposed in this paper.

This paper focuses on the problems of quadratic stability for a class of discretes T-S descriptor fuzzy systems,for which a new quadratic stability definition is proposed.By finding a common positive definition of matrix in each maximal overlapped-rule group,sufficientcondition for the stability of the systemsis presented.The condition can be expressed in linear matrix inequalities.Compared with previous results,the sufficient condition can be easily obtainedby the numerical solution and can reduce the cumbersome nature of quadratic stability judgements.

This paper considers the zero divisors of Z_nS₃,and discusses the girth and diameter of the directed zero-divisor graph Γ(Z_nS₃): n＞1,gr(Γ(Z_nS₃))=3;diam(Γ(Z_nS₃))=2 n=3^t,t≥1.Γ—(Z_nS₃) is not a planar graph.

Variable-weight optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) canbe used in CDMA systems to meet the demand on multiple quality of services.Thispaper proved that there exists an optimal (16q,｛3,5｝,1,｛2／3,1／3｝)-OOC for each prime q≡3(mod 4).

This paper mainly discusses optimality conditions forBenson proper efficient solutions of constrained set-valued optimization problems.Firstly,the sufficient condition for Benson proper efficient points of a set is obtained.Secondly,under the generalized convexity,the important properties forhigher order epiderivatives of set-valued maps are derived.Finally,higher order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for Benson proper efficient solutions of constrained set-valued optimization problems are investigated,which generalize the corresponding results of literatures.

According to production practice,a production plan model is developed based on the profit maximization of satisfaction of expectation.The model proposed leads to a selective production of products with maximum profit and optimal matching of raw materials used in the production.Based on the theories and methods of optimization,the following property is obtained:when r_j(x_j)-r'j(x_j)＞0(j=1,2,…,n),the model proposed in thispaper is a convex program.Therefore,the global optimal solution can be obtainedwith the method of K-T.

PAN/BiOCl composite nanofibers were fabricated from solution containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and bismuth oxide.Then inorganic nano-fiber BiOCl was prepared with further oxidation and slow decomposition.By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD),infrared spectroscopy (IR)and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-vis/DR) the morphology,crystalline phase and optical absorption properties of the samples were characterized.The results showed that the composite nanofibers were calcined at 500 °Cfor 10 h,BiOCl nanofibers with pure tetragonal phase were successfully obtained.The diameters of the as-fabricated BiOCl nanofibers ranged from 80 to 140 nm.The nanofibers photocatalyst possessed good photocatalytic activity toward decomposing organic dye rhodamine B as well as sedimentation ability.

Hollow carbon spheres with small size and uniform distribution have been synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method using silica particle and glucose as a template and carbon precursor,respectively.HCSs used as supports for platinum catalysts added with lead were prepared for their application of methanol electrooxidation in a solution of 1.0 mol·L^-1 CH₃OH and 0.5 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄.The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Cyclic voltammograms (CV) and chronoamperogram onPtPb/HCSs showed excellent electrocatalytic activity and more stability for methanol oxidation.The strong electrocatalytic activity of PtPb/HCSs catalyst can be ascribed to the high surface area of hollow carbon spheres and the assistanceof Pb.PtPb/HCSs electrode is an excellent anode for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).

IgG-encapsulated Ag nanoparticles were obtained by asimple photoreduction method.The prepared samples were characterized by TEM and XRD.The resultsshowed that Ag nanoparticles with diameters about 20 nm were fabricated withinIgG.The solutions obtained are opaque and yellow-brown in colors,but became transparent and exhibited different colors when viewed through white light.A tentative mechanism was proposed for the formation of the special optical phenomenon.

A new Bi₂O₃/BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst characterized by XRD and SEM was prepared by mechanical grinding.The photocatalytic properties of the photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B were investigated.The results show that the ratio of Bi₂O₃ and BiOClhas significant effect on the photocatalytic effect,and the photocatalytic activityof the Bi₂O₃/BiOCl was better than that of Bi₂O₃,BiOCl and commercial TiO₂.

This study used the index system of river ecosystem integrity for reference to construct a preliminary index system of river habitat fragmentation,which included 10 indices.By surveying and collecting data,the indices were filtrated and scored.Then an index system of river habitat fragmentation suitable for the area was built,which contained 4 indices.After these indices wereweighted by AHP,the system was used to assess some rivers (reaches) in the area.The result of assessment revealed that the degree of habitat fragmentationin Xiaohuanjiang River was lesser;in Hongshuihe River,Longjiang River and Dahuanjiang River,that was moderate;in Diaojiang River,that was greater.This index system was just a rapid assessment used for the present status of riverhabitat fragmentation in Hechi and its surrounding areas.Some suggestions for river habitat protection were given according to the results of indices survey.

Choosing the 20 cm,40 cm and 60 cm soil layerof different landuse patterns such as woodland and farmland in Guilin,Chongqing and Guizhou,andusing dilution plate method,the number of soil Bacteria,Actinomycetes,Fungi have been counted,the results show that:(1) Compared with non-karst areas,theBacteria and Actinomycetes were significantly higher in karst areas,but the the number of Fungi is opposite,and the total amount of microbes in karst area is higher than that in non-karst area;(2) In the soil of karst areas,thenumber of Bacteria was superior.Its proportion reaches 94.7% in summer and 93.8% in autumn,followed by Actinomycetes,33.1% in summer and 55.4% in autumn,then the Fungi reaches 55.9% in summer and 4.4% in autumn;(3) The amount of microorganisms changes with the time and space.In summer the amount ofmicroorganisms is significantly higher than that in autumn,and the amount of Bacteria exists the same trend in different regins but this trend is not significant in the Fungi and Actinomycetes.The factors causing such differences include soil physical and chemical properties,microbial physiological characteristicsand other factors.

142 known species,8 subspcies and 2 variaties belongto 22 genera of4 subfamilies of Poneromorph Subfamilies from China are listed.Among them,13 species of 4 genera belong to Amblyoponinae,7 species of a genus belong to Ectatomminae,112 species,8 subspecies and 2 variaties of 14 genera belong to Ponerinae which is the largest subfamily,10 species of 3 genera belong to Proceratiinae.Chinese names,Latin names and distribution of the species are provided.

A specimen of little tube-nosed bat Murina aurata was collected in Xiaodongdan Cave in Mulun National Nature Reserve in Huanjiang county,northwest Guangxi,China,in November 2009,during the biodiversity survey of limestone cave.It is a new record of Chiroptera species in Guangxi.Among the 18 caves surveyed,Xiaodongdan Cave was the only one in which this bat live.The specimen was kept in the Biodiversity Specimen Museum in Guangxi Normal University.

Two new species of Sinocyclocheilus are describedin Guangxi,China.
Ⅰ.Sinocyclocheilusmashanersis Wu,Liao et Li,sp,nov.
Holotgpe,No.200612001,112 mm SL,collected from cave Guzhai Mashan county,Guangxi,China(23°45'N,108°10'E) in 2006.Paratypes:4 specimens,Nos,200612002-03、200612015、200612022,79～141 mm SL,were collected in the same locality and same timeas the holotype.All types were deposited in the Heilongtan Reservoir Administration,Shilin county,Yunnan.
D,iii,7;A.ii,5;P.i,9～11;V.i,7～8;branched caudal fin ray 16;lateral line scales47 15～1911～13～Ⅴ 50;gill rakers 7～9;pharyngeal teeth 3 rows (2.3.4/4.3.2)
Depth of body in standard body length 2.75～3.50(3.29),length of head 3.00～3.43(3.19),length of caudal peduncle 4.07～4.72(4.26),depth of caudal peduncle 7.05～8.55(7.91).Snout in head 2.12～2.55(2.41),diameter of eye 7.67～11.25(9.58),interorbital in its length 3.83～5.33(4.43).Depth of caudal penucle in its length1.71～2.11(1.86).
This new species in similar to Sinocyclocheilus altishoulderus Li et Lan(1992),but differs from the latter in:① 47～50 of lateral line scales Vs 54～58;② 7～9 ofgill rakers Vs 10～12;③ i,9～11 of pectoral fin ray Vs i,16.This new species issimilar to S.microphthalmus Li(1989),but differs from the latter in:① swellofhead Vs smooth;② iii,7 of dorsal linerag iii,8;③ i,9～11 of pectoral line rayVs i,15～17.This new species is similer to S.jiuxuensis Li et Lan(2003),but differs from the latter in:① swell of head Vs smooth;② i,9～11 of pecteral fin ray Vs i,12～14.
Ⅱ.Sinocyclocheilus huanjiangensis Wu,Gan et Li,sp,nov.
Holotype,No.04050251,110 mm SL,collcted from cave Guanxin Huanjiang county,Guangxi,China(25°15'N,108°30'E) in 2004.Paratypes:5 specimens Nos,04050252-253、04050255-256、04050259,99～136 mm SL,were collected in the same locality and same time as the holotype.All types were deposited in the Heilongtan Reservoir Administration,Shilin county,Yunnan.
D.iii,7;A,ii,5;P.i,11;V,i,8;branched caudal fin ray 15～16;gill rakers 11～12;leteral line scales 59 15～1911～13～Ⅴ 67;pharyhgeal teeth 3 rows(2.3.4/4.3.2).
Depth of body in standard body length 3.24～3.40(3.32),lenth of head 3.24～3.51(3.35),length of caudal peduncle 4.69～5.20(4.86),depth of caudal pedunele 7.21～7.85(7.58).Snout in head 2.83～3.09(2.99),diameter of eye 5.60～6.80(6.55),interorbital in its length 2.80～3.09(2.99).Depth of caudal penucle in its length 1.46～1.64(1.56).
This new species is similar to Sinocyclocheilus yishanensis Li et Lan(1982),butdiffers from the latter in:① lateral line scales 59～67 Vs 52～54;② pectoralfinray i,11 Vs i,14～15;③ gill rakers 11～12 Vs 8～9;④ length of beard Vs just like.This new species is similar to S.donglanensis Zhao,Watanabe et Zhang(2006) but differs from the latter in:① gill rakers 11～12 Vs 8～9;② pectoral fin ray i,11Vs i,14～15;③ diameter of eye 5.6～6.8 Vs 4.8.This new species is similar toS.brevibarbatus Zhao,Lan et Zhang(2009) but differs from the latter in:① lateralline scales 59～67 Vs 49～52;② pectoral fin ray i,11 Vs i,14～15;③ length of beard Vs short;④ fost of dorsal thorn Vs solid;⑤ short of pectoral fin Vs length.