广西红水河流域地质遗迹的空间特征

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2024102803

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 流域是最基本的地貌单元,作为记录流域形成演化的重要自然地理要素,地质遗迹的发育及其空间特征都可在此特定区域进行展现,流域与包括地质遗迹在内的自然地理要素的相互作用是地学研究关注的前沿。本文以广西红水河全流域为典型研究区域,在翔实的野外调研基础上,从地质遗迹的分布、类型、等级和保护利用4方面开展大流域尺度、多类型、综合性地质遗迹空间特征研究,对广西红水河流域地质遗迹的空间特征进行定量分析。研究表明:1)红水河流域具有代表性的地质遗迹共93处,中游地质遗迹数量最多、下游次之。上、中、下游绝大多数地质遗迹分布在红水河干支流之上或周边,即便是那些距离干支流相对较远的地质遗迹,也往往通过地下河与之相联;2)流域地质遗迹分为6个大类,12个类,16个亚类。其中,地貌景观大类最为发育,水体景观大类次之。岩石地貌景观类(主要亚类为喀斯特地貌)和河流景观类均在中、下游聚集,流水地貌景观类和湖沼景观类分别于上游和中、下游富集;3)流域地质遗迹近60%达到省级以上等级,世界级和国家级地质遗迹多集中分布于中游,且与红水河干支流具有密切的空间关联,地质遗迹的等级越高,其空间特征的非均一性越显著;4)流域地质遗迹保护利用条件总体较好,下游地质遗迹与周边重要城镇平均公路距离最短,上游与周边其他旅游资源契合度最高,中、下游已保护利用所占比例较高。本文结果为探讨红水河演化与流域自然地理要素的相互作用关系提供科学依据,也为推进流域生态文明建设和乡村振兴奠定基础。

关键词: 地质遗迹, 空间特征, 流域演化, 相互作用, 影响分析, 红水河, 广西

Abstract: Watershed, as the most fundamental geomorphological unit, serves as a crucial natural geographic element for documenting the genesis and evolution of watersheds. The development and spatial traits of geoheritage within this specific domain can be manifested, and the interaction between watersheds and various natural geographic elements, with geoheritage being a part of it, has emerged as a cutting-edge focus in geoscientific research. In this study, the entire Guangxi Hongshui River Basin was selected as a paradigmatic research zone. Grounded on comprehensive and detailed field investigations, a spatial characterization of geological relics was conducted on a large basin scale, encompassing multiple types and a holistic perspective in terms of their distribution patterns, taxonomies, grades, as well as protection and utilization modalities. A quantitative analysis of the spatial characteristics of the geological relics within the Guangxi Hongshui River Basin was carried out, thereby furnishing a scientific underpinning for exploring the interaction between the evolution of the Hongshui River and the natural geological elements within the basin. This also contributes to promoting the construction of ecological civilization within the watershed and lays a foundation for rural revitalization. The research findings indicate that: 1) There are 93 exemplary geological relics within the basin, with the middle reaches harboring the highest number of such sites, followed by the lower reaches. The majority of the geological relics in the upper, middle, and lower reaches are situated above or in the vicinity of the main tributaries of the Hongshui River. Even those geological relics that are relatively distant from the main tributaries are often interconnected via underground rivers. 2) The geological relics within the basin can be classified into 6 major categories, 12 classes, and 16 subclasses. Among them, the geomorphic landscape major category is the most prolific, trailed by the water landscape major category. The rocky geomorphic landscape category (with karst landscape as the principal subcategory) and the river landscape category are concentrated in the middle and lower reaches, whereas the fluvial geomorphic landscape category and the lake landscape category are preponderant in the upper reaches and middle and lower reaches, respectively. 3) Nearly 60% of the basin's geological relics have attained the provincial level or above. The world-class and national-level geological relics are predominantly clustered in the middle reaches and exhibit a close spatial correlation with the main streams and tributaries of the Hongshui River. Concurrently, the higher the grade of the geological relics, the more pronounced the non-uniformity of their spatial characteristics. 4) The conditions for the protection and utilization of geological relics within the basin are generally favorable. The downstream geological relics possess the shortest average highway distance to the surrounding significant towns, the upstream exhibits the highest degree of compatibility with other tourism resources in the vicinity, and the middle and lower reaches have a relatively higher proportion of protected utilization.

Key words: geological relics, spatial characteristics, basin evolution, interaction, impact analysis, Hongshui River, Guangxi, China

中图分类号: P942

黄松, 李燕林. 广西红水河流域地质遗迹的空间特征[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 43(5): 233-245.

HUANG Song, LI Yanlin. Spatial Characteristics of Geological Relics in Hongshui River Basin, Guangxi, China[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 43(5): 233-245.

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