广西师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 307-323.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2021122301

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

功能神经元建模及动力学若干问题

马军*   

  1. 兰州理工大学 理学院, 甘肃 兰州 730050
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-23 修回日期:2022-01-13 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-10-18
  • 通讯作者: 马军(1973—), 男, 陕西杨凌人, 兰州理工大学教授, 博导。E-mail: hyperchaos@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12072139)

Dynamics and Model Approach for Functional Neurons

MA Jun*   

  1. School of Science, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou Gansu 730050, China
  • Received:2021-12-23 Revised:2022-01-13 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-10-18

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摘要： 生物神经元是神经系统处理信号的基本单元,其复杂的解剖结构和突触可塑性使得神经元对外界刺激具有很强的自适应性,其放电模态也具有多样性。在脑皮层内存在不同的功能区,功能区内的神经元聚集成不同拓扑结构的网络,相互协作对单一外部刺激进行编码。不同功能区的神经元相互通信,以多层网络同步方式传递信号,驱动肌体和器官协作来完成应激反应。神经元网络群体电活动主要取决于网络局域动力学、连接链路和耦合通道的物理属性,网络拓扑结构及物理效应。构建可靠的生物物理神经元模型,强化耦合通道的可控性,分析神经元网络同步和斑图演化过程中能量输运的特征,噪声驱动的物理机理,神经系统选频和滤波响应的物理机制等对于认知神经系统模态响应和预防神经性疾病具有重要意义。本文从单个神经元电路的功能强化,如在非线性电路嵌入不同的物理器件来设计感知温度、光照、声波、外磁场和电磁辐射的功能神经元电路,到神经元电路内部能量存储和交换,听觉和视觉神经元滤波选频,耦合通道耗能和储能,场能量无量纲化到哈密顿能量,场耦合同步到共振同步,神经元网络斑图及同步稳定性,系统地介绍和评论神经元功能性增强及网络动力学相关问题,为进一步设计智能化的功能神经元阵列和装置提供理论参考。

关键词: 忆阻神经元, 热敏神经元, 光敏神经元, 压电神经元, 约瑟夫森结, 哈密顿能量, 滤波

Abstract: Biological neuron is the basic unit for signal processing in the nervous system, and its complex anatomical structure and synaptic plasticity enable it’s self-adaption to external stimuli. As a result, its firing modes and pattern become rich and diverse. In different functional regions in brain, these neurons are clustered in networks and they are cooperated to encode all external stimuli. Neurons from different regions of the brain are communicated by triggering synchronous states in and between multi-layer networks, and then the body and organs are guided to behave suitable gaits. The collective electric activities are dependent on the local kinetics, connection links and biophysical properties of the coupling channels, topological types and physical effects as well. Researchers can start possible investigations by building reliable biophysical neuron models, enhancing the controllability of the coupling channels, exploring the energy properties when synchronization stability and pattern formation are regulated in the networks, clarifying the physical mechanism for noise driving, discovering the biophysical mechanism for frequency selection and wave filtering. And these findings can be helpful to recognize the mode response and prevent the occurrence of some neural diseases. This review aims to enhance the biophysical function of an isolated neuron, for example, a variety of electric components are incorporated into branch circuits of a generic nonlinear circuit for detecting and discerning the temperature, illumination, acoustic wave, external magnetic field and electromagnetic radiation, respectively, and different functional neural circuits are obtained. Furthermore, exchange and propagation of field energy in neuron, frequency selection in the auditory neuron and visual neuron, energy pumping and energy consumption in the coupling channel, field energy to Hamilton energy under scale transformation, field coupling synchronization to resonance synchronization, pattern selection and synchronization stability in neural network, are discussed and investigated for possible guidance. These systematic introduction and comments on the functional enhancement of neurons and dynamics in networks have potential guidance and help for further building intelligent functional neuron array and devices.

Key words: memristive neuron, thermosensitive neuron, light-sensitive neuron, piezoelectric neuron, Josephson junction, Hamilton energy, wave filtering

中图分类号: 

  • Q189
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