基于Raft改进的拜占庭容错共识机制

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2024101101

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着区块链技术在金融、医疗等行业的深入应用,其面临的挑战日益凸显。其中,最为关键的便是共识机制的优化与发展。目前,联盟链主要采用的PBFT和Raft共识机制均存在一定局限性。PBFT共识机制通信量会随区块链网络中节点数量的增加而呈指数级别上升,导致效率降低;而Raft共识机制虽然在效率上有所优化,但其抗拜占庭攻击能力弱。针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于Raft的抗拜占庭攻击的共识机制MRBFT。首先,在Raft选举过程中引入信誉值机制,选举信誉值较高的节点来提升当选节点可靠性;在选举Leader的同时,选举出总节点数量中一定比例的Monitor节点。其次,在共识过程中,由Monitor节点对其余节点的行为进行监督,提升算法抗拜占庭攻击的能力,同时对节点的信誉值进行更新,保证每轮选举都能选出最值得信赖的节点,提升算法的安全性。实验结果表明,在与PBFT抗拜占庭攻击能力相同的情况下,随着节点数量的增加,MRBFT通信量更低,通信开销为PBFT的44%,吞吐量为PBFT的1.5倍。对比同类算法,在安全性近似的场景下,吞吐量和共识时延上都具有较为明显的优化效果。

关键词: 区块链, 共识机制, 拜占庭攻击, 监督策略, 信誉值机制

Abstract: With the in-depth application of blockchain technology in industries such as finance and healthcare, the challenges it faces are becoming increasingly prominent. Among them, the optimization and development of consensus mechanisms are the most crucial. Currently, the two consensus protocols are mainly adopted by consortium chains, PBFT and Raft, and both have certain limitations. The communication volume of the PBFT consensus mechanism increases exponentially with the increase in the number of nodes in the blockchain network, leading to a decrease in efficiency. Although the Raft consensus mechanism has been optimized in terms of efficiency, its ability to resist Byzantine attacks is weak. To address these issues, a consensus mechanism MRBFT based on Raft that resists Byzantine attacks is proposed. Firstly, a reputation value mechanism is introduced in the Raft election process. By electing nodes with higher reputation values, the reliability of the elected nodes is enhanced. At the same time, a certain proportion of Monitor nodes are elected along with the Leader. Secondly, during the consensus process, the Monitor nodes supervise the behavior of the other nodes to enhance the algorithm’s ability to resist Byzantine attacks. At the same time, the reputation values of the nodes are updated to ensure that the most trustworthy nodes are elected in each round, improving the security of the algorithm. Experimental results show that, under the same conditions of resisting Byzantine attacks as PBFT, as the number of nodes increases, MRBFT has lower communication volume, with communication overhead being 44% of PBFT and throughput being 1.5 times that of PBFT. Compared with similar algorithms, in scenarios with similar security, it has more obvious optimization effects in terms of throughput and consensus delay.

Key words: blockchain, consensus mechanism, Byzantine attacks, supervisory strategy, reputation value mechanism

中图分类号: TP311.13

李莉, 姜淼. 基于Raft改进的拜占庭容错共识机制[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 43(4): 108-119.

LI Li, JIANG Miao. Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Consensus Mechanism Based on Raft Improvement[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2025, 43(4): 108-119.

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