植物生长期根部病害生防菌筛选方法改进及其装置研制

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2023041406

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为克服室内筛选生防菌的方法往往忽略植物基础作用的弊端,本文比较双重培养法、液体介质筛选法和种苗基质筛选法的优劣,并在改进种苗基质筛选法的基础上研制新装置。该装置由耐高温(135 ℃)、高压(0.15 MPa)的500 mL PP组培瓶改装而成。组培瓶的柱状空间分为植物种植区、植物病原菌培养区和候选生防菌培养区,各区间以0.45 μm硝酸纤维滤膜隔阻。植物种植区敞口、植物病原菌培养区和候选生防菌培养区以盖子密闭。本文装置以近似自然条件的植物根系分泌物和土壤渗出物作为基质筛选候选生防菌,获得的结果更可信;以菌体密度的变化反映病原菌和候选生防菌的拮抗效果,容易检测。该装置构造简单、成本低廉、使用方便,可用于各种植物根部病原菌生防菌的批量筛选,但不适用于植物叶片、茎秆病害的生防菌筛选。

关键词: 病原菌, 生防菌, 筛选, 铜绿假单胞菌, 拮抗

Abstract: The current indoor screening methods for biocontrol bacteria tend to ignore the basic role of plants; to overcome this drawback, this paper compares the methods of indoor screening for biocontrol bacteria of dual culture, liquid medium screening and seedling substrate screening, then develops a new device based on the improved seedling substrate screening method. This device was modified of the PP-500 mL tissue culture bottle which resistant to high temperature (135 ℃) and high pressure (0.15 MPa). The columnar space of the tissue culture bottle was divided into 3 zones, there were plant growing zone, plant pathogen culture zone, and the candidate biocontrol strain culture one. Each zone was separated by a 0.45 μm nitrate fiber filter membrane. The plant growing zone was open, but the plant pathogen and the candidate biocontrol strain culture zones were closed with a lid. In this device, root exudates of plant growing in approximation of natural conditions and soil exudates were used as substrates to screen candidate biocontrol bacteria, so the results obtained were more reliable. The antagonistic effect of pathogen and candidate biocontrol bacteria was reflected by the change of cell density in this device, which was easy to detect and the result was definite. The device had the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenient operation. It can be used for batch screening of candidate biocontrol bacteria against various plant root pathogens, but not suitable for screening of that against pathogens of leaf and stalk.

Key words: pathogenic fungi, biocontrol bacteria, screening, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antagonism

中图分类号: S432; S476

黄植清, 刘莹儿, 黄名丽, 陈英绘, 尚常花, 陆祖军. 植物生长期根部病害生防菌筛选方法改进及其装置研制[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 42(2): 200-215.

HUANG Zhiqing, LIU Yinger, HUANG Mingli, CHEN Yinghui, SHANG Changhua, LU Zujun. Improvement of Screening Method and Device Development of Biocontrol Bacteria for Plant Root Diseases During Growth Period[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2024, 42(2): 200-215.

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