广西师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 102-113.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2020.06.012

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北方喀斯特地区地下水VOCs污染特征及健康风险——以山东省淄博市临淄区为例

郭永丽1,2*, 全洗强1, 吴庆1   

  1. 1.自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室, 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 广西桂林541004;
    2.联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心, 广西桂林541004
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-15 发布日期:2020-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 郭永丽(1989—),女,河南太康人,中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所助理研究员。E-mail:gylguo@karst.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41702277);联合国教科文组织国际地学计划项目(IGCP 661);广西重大科技创新基地建设项目(2018-242-Z01);中国地质科学院基本科研业务费项目(JYYWF20182002, 2020004);广西科技计划(桂科AD17129047);广西自然科学基金(2017GXNSFFA198006, 2018GXNSFDA050002);对发展中国家科技援助项目(KY201802009);中国科学院国际合作局国际伙伴计划项目(132852KYSB20170029-01)

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds of Typical Karst Groundwater Source in North China

GUO Yongli1,2*, QUAN Xiqiang1, WU Qing1   

  1. 1. Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological / Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources and Guangxi, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China;
    2. International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices ofUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Guilin Guangxi 541004, China
  • Received:2019-10-15 Published:2020-11-30

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摘要： 为研究山东省淄博市临淄区喀斯特地下水中挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)的污染特征及其对人类健康带来的风险,采集研究区内19个地下水样品,检测其54种VOCs的质量浓度。基于GIS平台和SPSS软件,利用数理统计方法和图解法等分析研究VOCs的检出率、空间分布特征、影响因素。结果表明:有16个地下水样品检出有机物,检出的20种VOCs属于芳香烃类和卤代烃类;单种有机物最高检出率为68.42%;三氯甲烷质量浓度最高,为404.00 μg/L;一个样点的1,1-二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯和另一样点的三氯乙烯浓度超过中国/WHO饮用水标准;区内地下水中VOCs的空间分布与化工企业等的空间布局、地下水流场、土地利用类型、人类活动等密切相关。研究显示:整体上2条主径流路径上的总致癌最大风险触碰美国环境保护署建议的阈值(10-6),一条地下水径流路径上工厂密集区总致癌最大风险超过了可接受水平(10-4)且总非致癌最大风险大于1。山东淄博市临淄区地下水中VOCs的存在已对区内居民饮用水安全带来隐患,必须采取积极措施优化地下水环境,防止水质进一步恶化,解决当地居民饮用水源问题。

关键词: 喀斯特地下水, 挥发性有机物, 空间分布特征, 影响因素, 健康风险, 山东省淄博市

Abstract: In order to study pollution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their health risk assessment on humans in karst groundwater located in Linzi distinct, Zibo city, Shandong province, 19 groundwater samples were collected, 54 VOCs were analyzed. Detection rate, spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of VOCs in karst groundwater were analyzed by using mathematical statistics method and graphical method based on the GIS platform and SPSS software. Not cancer risk (NCR) and Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of VOCs of drinking the karst groundwater were calculated by the model recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). VOCs could be detected in 16 sample sites in the study areas, there were 20 VOCs existing the groundwater samples. The highest detection rate of a VOC was 68.42%. Trichloromethane had the highest concentration of 404.00 μg/L. Concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene in the D-8 site and trichloroethylene in the D-6 were higher than drinking water criterion of China or WHO. Spatial distribution of VOCs in groundwater had close correlation with chemical factories, groundwater flow field, landuse, human activities and others. The results showed that the maximum cancerous risk indexes along the two groundwater flow paths exceed the US EPA’s recommended risk index (10-6), the maximum cancerous risk index and noncancerous risks index exceeded the 10-4 and 1 (US EPA’s accepted standard) in the centralized chemical factories along the one groundwater flow path . Therefore, more attention should be paid to optimize groundwater environment and prevent further deterioration of groundwater quality, in order to ensure the safely drinking water sources and sustainable development of karst groundwater in Linzi distinct, Zibo city, Shandong province.

Key words: katst groundwater, volatile organic compounds, spatial distribution characteristics, influencing factors, health risk assessment, Zibo, Shandong, China

中图分类号: 

  • P641
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