When a generator breaks down in the power grid, the fault generator can not provide power for the power grid, which may lead to cascading overload of other generators and affect the normal operation of the entire power grid. In this paper, the class Kuramoto model is applied to propose a stratege of power recovery by removing load nodes according to the degree of vulnerability, when a generator breaks down in the power grid. The study also compares the effects of removing the nodes with large degree of vulnerability and removing the nodes with small degree of vulnerability on the network performance. It is shown that when a node with small degree of vulnerability is removed, the critical coupling strength K_c of the remaining subsystems is smaller, the maximum absolute value of node frequency offset |Δw|_max is smaller and the minimum load disturbance intensity ΔP_min of the remaining system is larger than those, when a node with large degree of vulnerability is removed. Therefore, when a generator breaks down in the power grid, in order to make the power grid restore to steady-state, using this method can effectively eliminate the fault.

In this paper, the synchronization and stability of the cluster network composed of power grids are studied. Firstly, the influence of the number of inter-cluster connections on the synchronization performance is studied by observing the variation of the parameters of the cluster network. The results show that a larger the number of connections between the clusters leads to a better the synchronization performance of the entire cluster networks, a smaller the corresponding synchronous critical coupling strength and a greater maximum disturbance intensity that the system can withstand. Then, a comparative analysis is made between the cluster network system and the single power system. The results show that the different structures of the subnet have a great influence on the synchronization and stability of the cluster network.

Accelerate mass spectrometry is a nuclide analysis technique with high sensitivity. In this paper, accelerator mass spectrometry is used to measure the content of radionuclide ³⁶Cl in the rocks to study the exposure age of Dashiwei Tiankeng,Leye County of Guangxi, and realize the dating of Dashiwei Tiankeng in Guangxi. The results show that the exposure age of Dashiwei Tiankeng is at least 100-200 thousands years. The study intends to provide a significant reference value for the study of karst relief areas and its evolution.

In order to control the unstable equilibrium point of chaotic Rucklidge system, at first, chaotic characteristics of Ruclidge system is studied with numerical analysis and the results show that Rucklidge system has very rich dynamic behaviors. The full state feedback linearization controller for Rucklidge system is designed based on differential geometry theory, and the effective control of the unstable equilibrium point of the system is realized. The performance of the controller is compared with the approximate linearization method. The results show that the feedback linearization method has certain advantages.

By analyzing the driving characteristics of public transport vehicles and driving environment,the following key factors that affects bus travel time are determined: the weather,the time period (the peak / flat peak), traffic flow and the length of the road.Combined with nonlinear BP neural network’s advantages such as mapping ability, self-learning and adaptive ability and generalization ability and firefly algorithm’s advantages such as less parameters,simple operation and good stability,a BP neural network optimization method is put forward that is optimized by the firefly algorithm to reduce the training time of neural network and can improve the stability of prediction. Then, GPS datas and sampling datas are used to build a model to realize the accurate prediction of travel time of transit vehicles.MATLAB software is used for simulations.The optimized algorithm,the classical BP neural network algorithm and Kalman algorithm are compared in the simulations which show that the optimized prediction model has higher accuracy and is more stable for bus travel time prediction.

Aiming at the problem of uneven energy consumption in wireless sensor network (WSN), on the basis of the uneven clustering, a kind of routing optimization algorithm for wireless sensor network based on fuzzy theory (RABF) is proposed in this paper. In the clustering stage, the relative surplus energy, the centripetal rate and the successful transmission rate are used as the election indexes of each cluster head. And the cluster head is selected by the fuzzy logic reasoning. In the inter-cluster routing stage, the indexes weights of cluster head node are determined through the entropy weight method, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to obtain the forwarding probability of cluster head, the cluster head node with the largest probability is chosen as the forwarding node, and the date is then transmitted layer by layer through the cluster head node. The simulation shows that the proposed algorithm has better performance in reducing energy consumption and prolonging network lifetime.

Let G be a finite group, π(G) be the set of prime factors dividing |G| and μ(G) denote the number of conjugacy classes of all non-subnormal subgroups of G. In this paper, it is shown that all finite groups G with μ(G)≤2|π(G)| are solvable and that the structure of finite groups having at most |π(G)| conjugacy classes of non-subnormal subgroups are completely characterized.

A subgroup H of a finite group G is called weakly s-supplemented subgroup of G if there is a subgroup K of G such that G=HK and H∩K≤H_sG, where H_sG is the subgroup of H generated by all those subgroups of H which are s-permutable in G. In this paper, the following results are proved: (1) a finite group G is solvable if every subgroup of odd prime order of G is weakly s-supplemented in G; (2) a finite group G is solvable if and only if every Sylow subgroup of odd order of G is weakly s-supplemented in G. Some classical and recent results are extended.

In this paper, the global characteristics of the following difference equations are investigated:$x_{\text{n+1}}=\frac{{\sum^t_{i=1}} a_i x_{n-m_i}}{q+{\sum^t_{i=1}} c_i x_{n-m_i}+{\sum^t_{k=1}} b_k x_{n-n_k}}$.Let $A=\sum^t_{i=1} a_i$,$B=\sum^s_{k=1} b_k$,$B=\sum^s_{k=1} c_i$and $l=\max\left \{m_t,n_s\right \}$, where a_i>0 ,c_i>0 for all 1≤i≤t, b_k>0 for all 1≤k≤s,q<A,B≠C,0≤m₁<m₂<…<m_t, 0≤n₁<n₂<…<n_s and {m₁,m₂,…,m_t}∩{n₁,n₂,…,n_s}=?, and the initial values are positive. By constructing a suitable system of equations and binary functions, it is proved that the unique equilibrium solution of the equation is locally stable and a global attractor. In other words, the solution is globally asymptotically stable.

Five compounds, including ergosterol (1), variecoxanthone A (2), sydonic acid (3),hydroxysydonic acid (4) and WIN64821 (5), were isolated from the metabolites of an endophytic fungus GDG-180 from Sophora tonkinensis. Compounds 2 and 4 were isolated from terrestrial fungi firstly, and 3 and 5 were isolated from the plants of the genus Sophora for the first time.

Nepeta coerulescens flavonoids were extracted with ethanol. The effects of time, temperature, the ethanol solution concentration on the content of Nepeta coerulescens were investigated in single-factor test. The preferred extraction conditions were determined by RSM. The optimization extraction conditions by RSM analysis were obtained at ethanol concentration of 35%, temperature of 65 ℃ and time of 70 min. Under the optimization extraction conditions, the extraction ratio of flavonoids can reached 0.351%.

The extracts obtained from rhizome of Ficus pumila L. were evaluated for its yield of total flavonoids by standard sample rutin. Their α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potency were also explored by the 96-micro-plate-based method. The result showed that the total flavonoids content of the extracts ranged from 0.8% to 7.1% and the extracts had high inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase and AChE with IC₅₀ values are up to 0.018 g/L and 0.133 g/L respectively. A clear correlation between the total flavonoids content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was found.

Comparative study was conducted on diet of the white-headed langurs(Trachypithecus leucocephalus) inhabiting Chongzuo and Fusui areas of Guangxi Chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve to explore their behavioral adaptation to fragmented limestone forests. The results showed that a total of 181 plant species belonging to 129 genera from 63 families were consumed by these langurs, including 121 woody plants (trees and shrubs), 46 lianas, 13 herbs and 1 epiphyte, respectively. These langurs shared 15.8% of total food species. Chongzuo population had a higher index of food diversity than Fusui population (4.1 vs 2.7), indicating that langurs consumed more plant species and increased dietary diversity in responses with food scarcity. The white-headed langurs were highly folivorous. There was no significant difference in food items between two geographic populations, which is likely correlated with fruit resource shortage in fragmented limestone habitat.

Geographic division of Chinese ants based on generic category was studied. Analysis on geographic distribution showed that, 113 genera of ants existed in China, and their distribution in provinces (cities, districs) of China are gradually increasing from Palearctic Realm to Oriental Realm. Analysis of multivariate similarity clustering showed that cluster relationships of provinces (cities, districs) of China are different from insect geographic division in existence. Advantages of biogeographic analysis based on generic categories, and possible cause of clustering disagree with actual geography and ecology was discussed.

The Uncoupling proteins 3 is members of the mitochondrial anion carrier family, which may play important roles in thermogenesis, lipid metabolism and insulin secretion. The physiological regulation of the UCP3 remains practically vague in fish. It is little known for the roles of UCP3 in fish, the UCP3 was cloned from Siniperca chuatsi by Homologous cloning technology. The UCP3 consisted of six exons and one to two exon which could not be translated, and primarily expressed in muscle. The length of UCP3 gene was 2 917 bp and the length of its putative amino acid sequence was 309 residues. To investigate the gene Ontogenetic expression, a real-time PCR technique is applied to assay the ontogenetic expression of the genes at different stages, and the results confirmed that the UCP3 mRNA were first detected in fertilization stage, its expression gradually increased in gastrula stage, and reached the peak of expression in neurula stage.

The spores of the Plagiogyria euphlebia was grown in a liquid medium containing modified Knop,and the whole process of spore germination and gametophyte development were recorded by optical microscope.The results showed that: The spore germination was Vittaria-type,and the gametophyte development was Adiantum-type. Mature spores are nigger brown,opaque and radiation symmetry, obtuse triangle in polar view and circular in equatorial view,trilete,peripheral wall with particles and smooth surface.The spores germinated about 34 days after sowing,forming 2-5 cells long of filaments and bring rhizoid.The prothallial plates formed around 43 d after inoculation.The young prothallium developed about 65 d after sowing which were not symmetry. While the mature prothallus was symmetrical cordate type.Papillary trichomes spread on the margin of the prothallium.These papillary trichomes consisted of single cell.Sexual organs appeared on minority prothallus around 85 d after sowing,consisting of 3 cells.The neck of mature archegonium was composed of 4 rows of cells.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) are ubiquitous fungi distributed widely in soil ecosystems. It has been showed that AMF play an important role in improving soil nutrition and enhancing stress resistance. In order to reasonably use AMF resources, two types of soil such as lime soil (LS) and acid soil (AS) sampling from Karst area were used as potted matrix, and two AMF including Glomus mosseae (G.m) and Glomus etunicatum (G.e) were employed to be investigated respectively. The influence mechanism of AMF on plant biomass and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere of Fortunella margarita Seedlings of Karst area were also discussed. The results show that, comparsion to the no AMF treatment (-AM),the colonization rate of root system of Fortunella margarita seedlings inoculated with either G.e and G.m increased significantly. No matter in either type soil, the colonization frequency of root system (F), colonization rate of root segment (m) and vesicle abundance of root segment (v) of Fortunella margarita inoculated with G.e are significant higher than those with G.m. The F, m, v of Fortunella margarita seedlings with G.e in AS had the maximum level,and those with G.m in LS were second. In addition, compared with the (-AM) treatment, rhizospheric soil enzyme activities of Fortunella margarita seedlings including protease, urease,invertase and phosphatase, along with soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil organic matter (SOM) fraction and plant biomass rose significantly. Among them, the trends of activities of protease and urease were listed: (LS+G.e)>(LS+G.m)>(AS+G.e)>(AS+G.m), those of invertase and phosphatase were: (AS+G.e)>(AS+G.m)>(LS+G.e)>(LS+G.m), with a very significant level of all (P≤0.05). Moreover, the increasement of protease and urease activity received the first and second place, respectively, the third was that of invertase, and that of phosphatase was at a minimum level. As to rhizospheric SOC content and SOM fraction of Fortunella margarita seedlings, the change trends were shown below:(AS+G.e)>(LS+G.e)>(LS+G.m)>(AS+G.m). Regardless of what type of soil, contents of SOC and SOM of Fortunella margarita inoculated with G.e treatment were significant higher than those with G.m, similar to the changing trend of the colonization rate. The dry matter accumulation (biomass)of Fortunella margarita seedlings also showed a tendency to promote growth corresponding to the AM fungi inoculation. It is concluded that AM fungal symbiont can stimulate the activities of rhizospheric soil enzyme, facilitate the conversion of available nutrients such as N, P, K and fertility in AS and LS, and promoted plant growth in the end. G.e is the screened potential dominant species which possesses a better efficiency symbiosis with Fortunella margarita seedlings no matter growing in AS and LS and have great application potential in overcoming soil infertility and poor crop output problems of Karst area.

To explore the effect of regular endurance exercise on Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) by the PKC-Nrf2 pathway in liver of rats,24 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into quiet control group (A),exercise group (B), and CHE and exercise group (C). Rats in group B and C were interfered by 8 weeks of vigorous intensity endurance running,but group C were treated by chelerythrine (CHE) of PKC inhibitors before each exercise.To observe the activity level of cells membrane PKC,cells total PKC in liver, to observe the expression level of nucleus Nrf2 protein and cells total HO-1 protein in liver by Blotting Western,and to observe the level of HO-1 activity and T-AOC in the liver cells.The results show that the activity of liver cells membrane PKC,cells total PKC activity and the ratio of the two were significantly higher in group B than that in the group A (P<0.05),and the expression level of nucleus Nrf2 protein(nuclear translocation) in liver was significantly increased in group B than that in the group A (P<0.05),and the expression and activity level of cells HO-1 protein in liver was significantly increased in group B than that in the group A (P<0.05), and liver cells T-AOC was significantly increased in group B than that in the group A(P<0.05). The changes caused by endurance exercise in group B were significantly curbed in group C.It draw a conclusion that regular vigorous intensity endurance exercise can raise protein expression of HO-1 and T-AOC in rats liver cells by the PKC-Nrf2 pathway.