典型岩溶区农田土壤溶解性有机质组分特征研究

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2025082101

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 岩溶区农田土壤受独特地上地下二元结构的影响,水土流失严重且土壤养分相对贫瘠,从而制约该地区农业可持续发展。土壤有机质尤其是可溶性小分子有机质是维持土壤肥力的重要因素,研究其组成及分布特征对提升养分有效性和作物生产力具有重要意义。本文通过测定分析广西桂林岩溶区典型农田土壤的有机碳含量、溶解性有机质化学结构以及低分子量有机酸的种类和含量等,系统阐明土壤溶解性有机质和低分子量有机酸与土壤肥力之间的关系。结果表明:研究区不同肥力水平农田土壤中溶解性有机质的组成结构相似,但在含量上存在明显差异。溶解性有机质以脂肪族化合物为主,芳香族化合物含量较低,低分子量有机酸主要包括草酸和甲酸,以上组分在高肥力土壤中均相对富集而低肥力土壤相对匮乏。相关性分析表明,土壤溶解性有机质中的脂肪族化合物、芳香族化合物和低分子量有机酸的含量均与土壤有机质丰度具有显著正相关关系。这说明脂肪族和芳香族化合物作为岩溶区农田土壤有机质的有效组分,在改善土壤肥力和增强土壤结构稳定性等方面发挥着重要作用;低分子量有机酸参与了土壤养分循环,在维系土壤营养元素的动态平衡中起关键作用。以上结果可为提高岩溶区农田土壤肥力管理和施肥决策提供理论支持。

关键词: 溶解性有机质, 低分子量有机酸, 土壤肥力, 岩溶区, 农田土壤

Abstract: Farmland soils developed in the karst regions of distinctive aboveground-underground coupled structure, generally exhibit serious soil erosion and nutrient deficiency, which constrains sustainable agricultural development of the regions. Soil organic matter, particularly the soluble low-molecular-weight fraction therein, is a key driver of soil fertility conservation. Thus, understanding of their composition and distribution is of great significance to improve soil nutrient availability and crop productivity. In this study, organic carbon abundance, chemical structure of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and species and contents of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in typical farmland soils of the Guilin karst area, Guangxi, were investigated to examine their relationships with soil fertility. The results showed that the compositional structure of DOM were similar among the soils, but significant differences were observed in their contents. The composition of DOM is dominated by aliphatic compounds with a relatively low abundance of aromatic compounds while that of LMWOAs was comprised mainly of oxalic and formic acids. These components were enriched in the high-fertility soils but depleted in the low-fertility ones. Significant positive correlations were observed between SOM content and the contents of aliphatic compounds, aromatic compounds, and LMWOAs, suggesting that aliphatic and aromatic compounds served as effective components for enhancing soil fertility and soil structural stability while LMWOAs for facilitating soil nutrient cycling and dynamic balance. This has important implications for optimizing soil fertility management and guiding fertilization practices in karst farmlands.

Key words: dissolved organic matter, low-molecular-weight organic acids, soil fertility, karst area, farmland soil

中图分类号: S158.2; P599

魏茂宇, 欧玉群, 陈曦, 廖玲玲, 潘银华. 典型岩溶区农田土壤溶解性有机质组分特征研究[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 44(4): 210-220.

Wei Maoyu, Ou Yuqun, Chen Xi, Liao Lingling, Pan Yinhua. Composition and distribution of dissolved organic matter in farmland soils of typical karst area[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2026, 44(4): 210-220.

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