微弱电磁信号的物理极限检测:单光子探测器及其研究进展

doi:10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2022021102

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,研发以直接调控量子系统波函数本身为主要标志的第二代量子技术,如原子钟和量子信息技术(主要包括量子通信、量子计算机和量子传感)等受到了国际学术界和产业界的极大关注。其中,实现微弱电磁信号物理极限检测的单光子探测器是实现光量子信息处理必不可少的关键器件。面向量子信息处理的应用,本文介绍单光子探测的基本原理及单光子探测器主要的性能指标,系统总结在光量子信息处理研究中发挥重要作用的超导单光子探测器近20年来的研究进展,并对推动未来微波量子信息处理研究的微波单光子态探测器的发展前景进行展望。

关键词: 量子信息处理, 光子, 单光子探测器, 半导体, 超导

Abstract: In recent years, great attention have been paid to the second-generation quantum technologies, delivered by the directly manipulating wave functions of quantum systems, including atomic clocks and quantum information technologies (such as quantum communication, quantum computation, and quantum sensing). As the basic and key devices, single photon detectors play an important role in optical quantum information processing. Focusing on the application in quantum information application, this paper introduces the basic principles of single-photon detection and the main performance indicators of single-photon detectors, systematically summarizes the research progress of superconducting single-photon detectors that play an important role in the research of optical quantum information processing in the past two decades, and forecasts the development prospect of microwave single photon state detector which will promote the research of microwave quantum information processing in the future.

Key words: quantum information processing, photon, single photon detector, semiconductor, superconductivity

中图分类号:

O439

贺青, 刘剑, 韦联福. 微弱电磁信号的物理极限检测:单光子探测器及其研究进展[J]. 广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 40(5): 1-23.

HE Qing, LIU Jian, WEI Lianfu. Single-Photon Detectors as the Physical Limit Detections of Weak Electromagnetic Signals[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2022, 40(5): 1-23.

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