广西师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 114-121.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2020.06.013

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桂林七星公园猕猴对游客的行为反应

刘筝1,2, 李友邦1,2*, 黄中豪1,2*   

  1. 1.珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室(广西师范大学), 广西桂林541006;
    2.广西珍稀濒危动物生态重点实验室(广西师范大学), 广西桂林541006
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-30 发布日期:2020-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 李友邦(1973—), 男, 广西富川人, 广西师范大学教授, 博士。E-mail: lyb_2001@126.com;黄中豪(1978—), 男, 广西来宾人, 广西师范大学副研究员, 博士。E-mail: hzh773@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31960106, 31960104)

Behavioral Responses of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) to the Tourists in Qixing Park, Guilin, China

LIU Zheng1,2, LI Youbang1,2*, HUANG Zhonghao 1,2*   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin Guangxi 541006, China;
    2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin Guangxi 541006, China
  • Received:2019-12-30 Published:2020-11-30

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摘要： 灵长类作为七星公园特色旅游资源之一,吸引着众多游客前往参观游览,人猴关系日益密切并引起关注。2018年以该公园中的猕猴Macaca mulatta为研究对象,采用全事件取样法(All-occurrence sampling)对猴群与游客的接触行为进行观察。研究结果显示:猕猴对游客的行为反应在猕猴性别/年龄组存在差异,具体表现为成年雄性(42.3%±11.6%)明显高于未成年猴(30.7%±7.4%)、成年雌性(16.8%±5.7%)和携婴母猴(10.1%±3.6%)。猕猴对游客的行为反应由大到小依次为: 接触行为Ⅳ(友好行为)(66.2%±8.5%)、接触行为Ⅱ(敌对行为)(20.2%±3.4%)、接触行为Ⅲ(缓和行为)(9.1%±1.8%)、接触行为Ⅰ(激烈行为)(4.6%±1.3%)。不同性别年龄组游客与猕猴的接触行为存在差异,成年男性比例(30.6%±8.5%)最高,接下来依次是未成年男性(19.7%±4.8%)、未成年女性(18.5%±5.0%)、成年女性(18.3%±6.7%)、老年男性(7.9%±2.0%)、老年女性(5.1%±1.4%)。游客与猕猴的互动行为包括投食(51.4%±21.0%)、拍照(26.1%±8.7%)、挑逗(11.2%±2.9%)、靠近(7.8%±1.7%)、吼叫(2.2%±0.6%)和拍手(1.4%±0.3%)等6种。建议对成年雄猴活动范围适当干预,尤其是旅游高峰期。游客在入园观猴时,要听从管理人员指引,减少投食行为,降低人猴接触机会。管理者应密切关注成年男性游客的行为,减少人猴冲突;同时,景区应加强游客安全意识与保护意识教育,促进动物资源旅游业可持续发展。

关键词: 猕猴, 游客, 接触行为, 行为反应, 七星景区

Abstract: The relationship between tourists and monkeys was increasingly closed. To investigate the behavioral responses of the rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to tourists in the Qixing Park, Guilin, all-occurrence sampling is used to collect data on macaque-human interactions in August, 2018. Results indicated that the interactions between the rhesus macaques and tourists differed in macaques’ sex/age groups, showing that the interaction initiated by adult males (42.3%±11.6%) was the most common, followed by the immature individuals (30.7%±7.4%), the adult females (16.8%±5.7%), and the adult females with infants (10.1%±3.6%). Moreover, the most frequently occurred interaction of macaques was the Friendly behavior (AGⅣ) (66.2%±8.5%), followed by the Antagonistic behaviors (AGⅡ) (20.2%±3.4%), the Affiliated behaviors (AGⅢ) (9.1%±1.8%), and the Aggressive behaviors (AGⅠ) (4.6%±1.3%). The interactions between tourists and the macaques varied in accordance with tourists’ sex/age. Adult men (30.6%±8.5%) were recorded with the highest proportions in the macaque-human interactions, followed by the underage men (19.7%±4.8%), the underage women (18.5%±5.0%), the adult women (18.3%±6.7%), the elder men (7.9%±2.0%), and the elder women (5.1%±1.4%). The interactions initiated by the tourists included offering foods (51.4%±21.0%), photographing (26.1%±8.7%), adjacent behaviors (11.2%±2.9%), approaching (7.8%±1.7%), shouting (2.2%±0.6%), and clapping (1.4%±0.3%). The current study suggested thatappropriate intervention should be focusedon the management of the adult male macaques in the Qixing Park of Guilin, especially in the peak period. Tourists should follow the rules and reduce offering foods to the macaques. Manageral staff should pay special attention to the behavior of the adult males. Meanwhile, it is essential to enhance safety awareness of tourists to sustain development of animal resource tourism.

Key words: rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), tourists, interactions, behavioral responses, Qixing Park, Guilin, China

中图分类号: 

  • Q958.1
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