广西师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 230-236.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2021051703

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

食果鸟类对秋枫果实的取食和传播研究

汪国海1,2,3, 李福燕1, 涂文馨1, 黄秋婵1, 唐创斌1*, 周岐海2,3*   

  1. 1.广西民族师范学院化学与生物工程学院,广西崇左532200;
    2.珍稀濒危动植物生态和环境保护教育部重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西桂林541006;
    3.广西珍稀濒危动物生态学重点实验室(广西师范大学), 广西桂林541006
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-17 修回日期:2021-07-13 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2023-01-17
  • 通讯作者: 唐创斌(1972—),男,广西全州人,广西民族师范学院讲师。E-mail:1198407963@qq.com周岐海(1976—),男,广西贵港人,广西师范大学教授,博士。E-mail:zhouqh@ioz.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32170492); 生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测与评估项目;珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室研究基金(20201125,20180148);广西民族师范学院科研项目(2018FG008,2021BS002)

Fruits Foraging and Dispersal of Bischofia javanica by Frugivorous Birds

WANG Guohai1,2,3, LI Fuyan1, TU Wenxin1, HUANG Qiuchan1, TANG Chuangbin1*, ZHOU Qihai2,3*   

  1. 1. College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities, Chongzuo Guangxi 532200, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin Guangxi 541006, China;
    3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin Guangxi 541006, China
  • Received:2021-05-17 Revised:2021-07-13 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2023-01-17

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摘要： 食果鸟类对植物果实的取食和传播在植物种群的更新和扩散中具有重要意义。2020年11月至2021年1月,采用焦点动物扫描法并借助Safari 10×26 变焦双筒望远镜,观察鸟类对校园内秋枫Bischofia javanica果实的取食行为,详细记录鸟类种类、取食基质、访问频次、取食时间、取食数量和取食方式等信息,探讨秋枫母树的特征(结实量、郁闭度和高度)和鸟类的体型特征(喙长、体长和体质量)对鸟类取食行为的影响。结果表明:研究期间共观察到5种鸟类取食秋枫植物的果实,其中白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis、红耳鹎Pycnonotus jocosus、白喉红臀鹎Pycnonotus aurigaster和黄臀鹎Pycnonotus xanthorrhous等4种鸟类以整吞的方式取食秋枫种子,属于种子潜在传播者。不同种鸟类对秋枫果实的平均访问只数、平均取食时间和平均取食量存在极显著差异。相关性分析表明,秋枫结实量与访问母树的鸟类数量、种数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数呈正相关,母树郁闭度和高度均与访问母树的鸟类数量呈正相关;鸟类的体长、体质量和喙长与平均取食量间均呈正相关,说明动植物特征会影响鸟类对秋枫果实取食行为,进而影响其种群的更新。

关键词: 秋枫, 食果鸟类, 种子传播, 更新, 取食行为

Abstract: Foraging and dispersal of plant fruit by frugivorous birds are of great significance to the regeneration and diffusion of plant population. With Safari 10×26 zoom binoculars, the focus scanning method was adopted to observe the bird foraging behavior of Bischofia javanicain the campus of Guangxi Normal University for nationalities from November 2020 to January 2021. The information of bird species, foraging substrates, visiting frequency, foraging time, foraging amount and foraging methods were recorded to explore the potential effects of the characteristics of B. javanica (fruit amounts, canopy density and height) and the morphological characteristics of birds (bill length, body length and weight) on the feeding behavior of birds. The results showed that B. javanica cloud attracted 5 species of frugivorous birds to feed on its fruit, and Chinese Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), Red-whiskered Bulbul (P. jocosus), Sooty-headed Bulbul (P. aurigaster) and Brown-breasted Bulbul (P. xanthorhous) swallowed the whole fruit, which were considered the potential seed dispersers of B. javanica. There were significant differences in the average number of visitors, average foraging time and average foraging amount among different birds. Fruit amount was positively related to the individuals, species richness, Shannon index and Simpson index of birds; Plant canopy density and height were positively related to the individuals. The morphological characteristics (body weight, body length and bill length) of birds were positively correlated with the foraging amount of the fruits, which indicated that the characteristics of plants and animals would affect the birds foraging behavior on the fruits of B. javanica, and then affect the regeneration of its population.

Key words: Bischofia javanica, frugivorous bird, seed dispersal, update, feeding behavior

中图分类号: 

  • Q948.122.5
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