In order to research the scaling law of the passenger travel time interval and the formation mechanism for the scaling law, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to fit the probability distribution of the travel time intervals of the passengers’ group. It is found that the time intervals of the group do not obey the unified power law distribution. Based on the results obtained by the fitting, the analysis is made from three aspects: the burstiness, the regularity of the passenger’s travel time and the purpose of travel. The results show that the 78.2% of time interval is concentrated within the 14 hours and the 21.8% of time intervals is greater than 14 hours, which makes the two ranges correspond to different power exponents. The value of the standard deviation of the time intervals is greater than its average value, resulting in a fat tail in the distribution. A large number of time intervals of random travel passengers causes the time intervals of passengers’group deviate from the poisson distribution. Passengers traveling for different purposes have different time interval ranges, resulting in uneven time intervals of the passenger’ group. These results indicate that passenger travel time intervals are mainly concentrated within 14 hours, which provides a new way for the traffic management department to predict the passenger travel time.

In order to compare departure planning and charging cost of electric bus under two different direct charging modes of “night slow charging + day fast charging” and “night slow charging”, the influence of timetable, electric power limit, charging station distance and allowable waiting time threshold are considered, and a model is established. It is found that the minimum number of buses required by the two modes and the charge cost per day are different. It is suggested that electric bus operators should consider the number of buses, charge cost and other factors to select the appropriate charging mode. In addition, the sensitivity analysis on the impact of the distance from the terminal to the charging station and the waiting time of the bus arriving at the charging station on the charging cost is carried out. It is suggested that the charging station location should be set reasonably and the appropriate waiting time threshold should be set according to the specific conditions to reduce the charging cost.

In order to study the control method and performance of the PV microgrid inverter system when applying random disturbance, random disturbance is applied to the common connection point signal of the PV microgrid inverter system, and modeling is carried out in consideration of random disturbance. The predictive control method of integral compensation can not only predict the future output state of the system, but also eliminate the static error, effectively suppress the current and voltage distortion phenomenon of the inverter output, and maintain the stability of the system.The simulation model of the inverter system was built by using Simulink platform of MATLAB.The simulation results showed that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current and voltage output by the inverter is 0.57% and 2.57%, respectively, which meets the national grid’s standard for total harmonic distortion (THD ≤5%) and guarantees the stability of the output waveform.The research shows that this improved control method keeps the single-phase PV microgrid inverter system stable under random disturbances,which has certain reference value for the theory and application research of photovoltaic microgrid.

Optimizing spatial distribution of residential areas is of great significance for intensive use of land resources, improvement of the present situation of spatial distribution of residential areas, and overall planning of urban and rural development. Taking the city of Guangzhou as the research area, this study used multi-source open data (POI and population spatial data) to replace the traditional socio-economic data, and analyzed the distribution characteristics of residential areas by using the method of landscape ecology. Aiming at the suitability and compact target, an ant colony optimization (ACO) model was constructed to optimize the spatial distribution of the residential areas in Guangzhou. The results showed that: (1) The layout of some residential areas in Guangzhou have some problems, such as scattered distribution and low concentration. (2)The result of spatial layout optimization of Guangzhou residential areas based on the new data set shows that the spatial scale is finer and the planning is timely. (3)After optimization, residential areas in Guangzhou mainly located in suitable areas, general suitable areas and basic suitable areas, accounting for 18%, 64% and 17% of the total residential area, respectively. By comparing the landscape index values before and after optimization, it was found that the mean patch size (MPS ) and mean nearest-neighbor distance (MNN) of the residential area increased significantly, and the patch density (PD) decreased, which indicated that the residential area layout tend to be constrictive and orderly.

This paper is devoted to the backward-compact dynamics for a non-autonomous Navier-Stokes equation. Assume that the time-dependent force is weakly backward-tempered, then we can show that the system has an increasing and bounded pullback absorbing set in an energy space. In order to overcome the loss of compact Sobolev embedding, Ball’s method of energy equation is used to show the backward asymptotical compactness of the system. Finally, it is proved that the non-autonomous Navier-Stokes equation has a backward-compact pullback attractor in the energy space.

${\ell}$_n-flat module is defined and studied in this paper. A right R-module M is said to be ${\ell}$_n-flat provided that Tor^R₁(M, C)=0 for every n-cotorsion left R-module C. It is proved that M is flat if and only if M is ${\ell}$_n-flat and fd_RM≤1; and ${\ell}$_nF is closed with pure submodules and pure quotient modules. Moreover, C₁F and CF are identical to the class of flat modules, in addition, if R is domain and every C₂-flat module is also flat module. Finally, R has week global dimension ≤n if and only if the n th-syzygy of any right R-module is ${\ell}$_n-flat, and R is von Neumann regular ring if and only if every right module is ${\ell}$_n-flat module.

A class of Salagean-type harmonic univalent functions is investigated. Quasiconformality, convexity and convolution of this class are obtained. Some related results are improved.

The purpose of this paper is to study the existence of fixed point theorems for a class new of integral Altman type mapping. By using the compatible conditions of self-mapping pair in non-Archimedean Menger probabilistic metric spaces, common fixed point theorems for integral Altman type mapping are established in nonarchimedean Menger probabilistic metric spaces. Furthermore, the existence and uniqueness of solutions are also discussed for a class of systems of functional equations arising in dynamic programming, which improve and extend some known results.

The lattice Boltzmann method can effectively simulate the fluid flow in complex flow fields. However, the reliability of the simulation results strongly depends on the selected boundary treatment methods. Based on the halfway bounce-back scheme, a unified treatment for the curved wall is proposed by improving the curved boundary condition scheme of interpolation. Results from tests are in good agreement with the exact solutions. Compared with several curved boundary condition schemes commonly used in lattice Boltzmann simulation, this method exhibits high accuracy and numerical stability of the complex boundary. The novel method provides a reliable way to solve the common problem of mass leakage in the curved boundary condition, satisfying the mass conservation constraint.

Based on related annual data of 1990-2016, the vector error correction model (VECM) is constructed and several statistical tests are used for the effects analysis of inbound tourism, financial development and economic growth in Guangxi. It is shown from the empirical results that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship among the three aspects, and inbound tourism is restricted by local financial development and economic growth in a short term. Meanwhile, Granger causality test and variance decomposition method are given. The analysis results not only prove the effectiveness of tourism oriented ecnomic growth hypothesis (TLGH) in Guangxi to some extent, but also show that both inbound tourism and financial development make contribution to regional economic growth in a long-run. Finally, it is suggested that local government should adhere to developing inbound tourism and maintaining financial stability to make contribution to realize long-run economic growth.

To synthesize some novel ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid-uridine conjugates and evaluate their anti-tumor activity in vitro. Ursolic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid was esterified with corresponding α,ω-dibromoalkane in the presence of potassium carbonate to prepare intermediates. Then, the intermediates were treated with uridine under potassium carbonate by means of a nucleophilic substitution reaction to generate four ursolic acid/glycyrrhetinic acid-uridine derivatives. Anti-tumor activity was tested by the MTT assay. Glycyrrhetinic acid-uridine derivatives showed better inhibitory activity against proliferation of HepG-2 and A549 cells than ursolic acid-uridine derivatives. All targeted compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory activity ([n-(uridinyl-3) octyl]-3β-hydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-en-29-oate expressed the best inhibition at about 64%), while they exhibited no obvious inhibitory effect on other tumor cells (HeLa, NCI-H460, BEL-7404). Compound [n-(uridinyl-3) octyl]-3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate showed moderate inhibitory against HeLa cells (about 54%).

To investigate the role of methylprednisolone in renal fibrosis in mice,A renal fibrosis model was established by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) experiment. Twenty-five male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low dose group, medium dose group and high dose group. The drug was administered on the second day after the surgery, and 14 days later, renal pathological changes were detected by HE staining and Masson staining. Western blotting and IHC staining were used to detect the expression of Col-1, Col3A1, FN and α-SMA in the obstructed kidneys of each group and to detect the expression of TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways. The results showed that UUO can cause renal interstitial fibrosis. Methylprednisolone significantly attenuated the production of extracellular matrix Col-1, Col3A1, FN and α-SMA in UUO mice, and down-regulated expression of the protein in TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways. It can be seen that methylprednisolone has a significant improvement in renal fibrosis in mice, which reduces UUO-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Previous subcellular localization studies shows that SDR9C7 protein showed a granular pattern in Hela cells, but counterstaining experiments showed neither peroxisomal, early endosome, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cytoplasmic, nuclear nor mitochondrial co-localized with SDR9C7 protein. In this study,the cellular immunofluorescence and confocal laser microscopy method were used to determine subcellular localization of SDR9C7 protein with lipid droplets in the oleic acid induced hepatocyte steatosis model in HepG2 cells,autophagosomes in the starvation induced cellular autophagy model in HepG2 cells and Golgi apparatus in the HepG2 cells under normal culture in vitro. However, the results showed that SDR9C7 protein distributed dispersally, and there was no granular SDR9C7 protein co-localized with the lipid droplets, autophagosomes or Golgi apparatus.

The electrical activity of neurons depends on external stimulation and induced current. Ion crossing cell membrane can induce time-varying magnetic field. In addition, the surface of each cell membrane is regarded as a charged body with complex charge distribution, which generates an induced electric field. Therefore, it is of practical significance to introduce electromagnetic field variables into the traditional neuron model and study the influence of electromagnetic field coupling on the collective dynamics of neural networks. Firstly, a neural network model considering electric field and magnetic field is proposed, in which a magnetic memristor is used to simulate the electromagnetic induction effect in cells and describe the coupling between magnetic flux and membrane potential. Then, through numerical simulation, the influence of electromagnetic induction on the discharge mode conversion and synchronization behavior of neural network is studied. It is found that electric field and magnetic induction can induce the conversion of neuronal electrical activity mode, while synaptic connection can enhance the synchronization behavior of neural network. This paper is innovative for considering the effect of electromagnetic field on neurons. The results of this study may provide new insights into the mechanism of signal coding and transmission in the nervous system.

This paper described two new species of Macrothele Ausserer, 1871 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan province: Macrothele digitata sp. nov. and M. jingzhao sp. nov.. M. digitata sp. nov. are similar to M. hunanica Zhu & Song, 2000, but can be distinguished by the following characters: palpal tibia with 8 stout ventral spines, embolus slightly curved in ventral view; Leg II tibia with much ventral spines and middle part swollen. Female copulatory duct short, finger like. M. jingzhao sp. nov. is similar to M. yani Xu, Yin & Griswold, 2002, but can be distinguished by the following characters: palpal tibia with 3 prolateral spines; basal haematodocha disk; embolus base thin, distal end aciform, slightly curved; Leg I tibia slightly curved, with much ventral spines.

The experimental animals were 112 captive breeding Shinisaurus crocodilurus in Daguishan Nature Reserve, Guangxi. The locomotor performance (sprint speed and the maximal distance), tail length and limb length(the length and width of femur and the length of tibia) of S. crocodilurus are measured at 26 ℃, and the measured data are analyzed. Results showed that the minimum sprint speed was 0.13 m/s, the maximal sprint speed was 4.44 m/s, and Mean±SD was 0.93±0.74 m/s. The minimum distance was 37.00 cm, the maximal distance was 255.00 cm and Mean±SD was 184.90±60.74 cm. The result of simple linear regression showed that all the indexes of limb were significantly correlated with the maximal distance (P<0.05), except the length of right forelimb femur (P=0.055 4), the length of right forelimb tibia (P=0.060) and the length of right hindlimb tibia (P=0.111). The result of simple linear regression also showed that all the width of femur (the length of left forelimb femur, the width of right forelimb femur, the width of left forelimb femur and the width of right forelimb femur) and the length of right hindlimb femur were significantly correlated with sprint speed (P<0.05), and the other indexes were not significantly correlated with sprint speed. At the same time, the result of simple linear regression showed that tail length were not significantly correlated with sprint speed and the maximal distance. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the length of right hindlimb femur was significantly correlated with the maximal distance (P=0.013) and the width of right forelimb femur was significantly correlated with sprint speed (P=0.001). In summary, the results showed that the hind limbs played a major role in the locomotor performance of S. crocodilurus.

The behavioral patterns of animals are affected by genetic factors, environmental factors and others. In February to June of 2018, In order to explore how the genes and environment impact on the giant pandas’ behavioral patterns, an observation experiment performed in Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Base. Samples of the observation experiment were different types of ten panda cubs, including singletons, identical twins and fraternal twins. The experiment adopted the focus animal sampling and each cub individual has been observed twice a day during the experiment. The results showed that: (1) For all examples, resting is a main behavior, accounting for 58.9%, feeding accounts for 21.1%, locomotion for 4.0%, object playing for 0.6%, self-motion playing for 6.7%, reciprocal play fighting for 7.0%, parent-child playing for 1.7%. (2) Comparing with an individual panda of twins, a singleton visibly cost more time on resting and self-motion playing, accounting for 77.4% and 7.7%. (3) Differences showed from identical twins and fraternal twins. Identical twins act more than fraternal twins do resting, object playing, self-motion playing, and act less actions about feeding, locomotion, reciprocal play fighting and parent-child playing. Therefore, the three types of giant panda individuals had a certain degree of difference in behavioral patterns, and this difference may be influenced or influenced by their genetic factors.

Data on the activity rhythms and time budgets of Red-bellied Squirrels (Callosciurus erythralus) were collected by infrared cameras between August 2012 and July 2013 in the Forest Dynamics Plot and its surrounding area (Total area 70 ha) in Nonggang National Nature Reserve. We used a relative activity intensity index to analyze the activity rhythms and time budgets of Red-bellied Squirrel, and explore the adaptation strategy to Karst habitat. The results showed that activity rhythm varied significantly over the course of the day (t=7.414, df=13, P=0.003), with two activities peak at 7:00—8:00 and 17:00—18:00. The moving (69.82%) and foraging (21.72%) activity were Red-bellied Squirrel’s mainly behavior. There were significant differences in monthly time budget (t=8.519, df=11, P<0.01), but was no significant difference according to seasons (Z=-1.218, P=0.20). The optimal activities temperature of Red-bellied Squirrels was close to the average temperature in every month, and the activity temperature ranged from 14℃ to 28℃.

The diversity of migratory birds was studied in Jiuwan Mountain, Guangxi Province during the springs and falls in 2015 and 2016. Totally, 23 731 of 107 species, which belong to 12 family, 27 orders were recorded. There is a predominance of Ardeidae, Hirundinidae, Cuculidae in this area. And the dominant species were Ardeola bacchus (27.44%), Egretta garzetta (15.59%), Bubulcus ibis (11.05%) and Cecropis daurica (6.42%). The study contributes to the knowledge of migrating birds, alternative migration species of Guangxi, and also constructs some conservational advices to the migrating birds in Jiuwan Mountain.

Focused on the biomass of root system in four different ages of Masson pine forests in Guangxi, this research was investigated in a way of space-for-time substitution. Furthermore, it provides a reference for exploring the material cycle and nutrient flow during the growth of Pinus massoniana plantation and the evaluation of the growth status of Pinus massoniana plantation. The results showed that: (1)Among the three soil layers of 0-60 cm, the roots are mostly concentrated in the soil layers of 0-40 cm, namely, young forest (88.6%), middle-aged forest (92.56%), mature forest (93.67%) and over-mature forest (86.24%). Among them, the root biomass is the most in the soil layer 0-20 cm deep, and increases the most between the mature forest (0.34 t/hm²) and the over-mature forest (1.08 t/hm²) in the two soil layers 20-60 cm deep. (2) The root distribution pattern of the four forest types is different in four diameter grades. In the young forest and the middle-aged forest, the proportion of fine roots (0-2 mm) and small roots (2-5 mm) are larger, and the sum of their proportions are 87.43% and 79.32%, respectively, while the larger the diameter grade, the smaller the proportion; In mature forest and over-mature forest, the biomass ratio of middle root(5-10 mm) to thick root (>10 mm) began to increase compared with that in young forest and middle age forest, the biomass of middle root increases the most between mature forest (0.75 t/hm²) and over-mature forest (1.94 t/hm²), and the biomass of thick root increases the most between middle age forest(0.32 t/hm²) and mature forest (2.72 t/hm²). Overall, the total biomass of root system increases gradually with the increase of forest age. Root biomass decreases gradually with the deepening of soil depth. By analysis of variance, the effect of soil depth (F=13.903, P<0.01) on root biomass is extremely significant, while the effect of forest age (F=1.530, P=0.226) on root biomass is not significant.

As an important type of ecosystem services, the supply capacity of freshwater ecosystem services is significantly affected by land use change, which strongly affects the regional ecological function and the sustainable development of social economy. Based on the data of land use, topography, soil, vegetation and climate, the effects of land use change on freshwater ecosystem services in Guizhou Province from 1995 to 2015 were analyzed by the InVEST model and ArcGIS software. The results showed that under the influence of land use change, water yield and soil retention increased during 1995-2005 and 2005-2015, while water quality purification decreased. There were obvious heterogeneities in the spatial pattern of three freshwater ecosystems services changes. There was a synergistic relationship between water yield and soil retention from 1995 to 2005 and from 2005 to 2015, while there was a tradeoff relationship between water quality purification and water yield and between water quality purification and soil retention. Changes of cultivated land, woodland and grassland had significant impacts on freshwater ecosystem services from 1995 to 2005, while construction land change had a significant effect on freshwater ecosystem services from 2005 to 2015. The effects of land use change on water quality purification were stronger than that on water yield and soil retention.