Abstract: To investigate the genus of Pseudecheneis in China, the details of the species composition and distribution area of this genus are introduced in this paper. Combining historical literatures and investigation results of authors, the adaptive relationship between the morphology and habitat of Pseudecheneis fish is scientifically interpreted, and their population distribution features, origin and life characteristics are objectively expatiated. Meanwhile the threat factors affecting resources conservation of rheophilic catfishes are discussed. The authorts considered that the main threat factors are soil erosion, water pollution, water conservancy project, invasive species, overfishing and so on. Finally, the corresponding protective methods and suggestions are proposed. A river fish fauna has its historical origin with each species being a part of the fish fauna. The catfishes of Pseudecheneis are impossible to live in the natural environment alone, they have an inextricable connection with river natural environment and other living creatures. Their living condition and the survival stress are also faced by other fish groups equally. So it is extremely urgent now to effectively protect freshwater fish resources.

Key words: life characteristic, habitat adaptability, stress factor, Pseudecheneis, Sisoridae