Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition) ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 156-165.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2019.03.018

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Activity Rhythm, Time Budgets and Flocking Behavior of Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera) in the Karst Habitat

LIU Jia1,2, LI Shengqiang1,2, WANG Guohai1,2, LIN Jianzhong1,2, XIAO Zhishu3, ZHOU Qihai1,2*   

  1. 1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;
    2.Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin Guangxi 541006, China;
    3.State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • Online:2019-07-12 Published:2019-07-12

PDF (PC)

467

Abstract: From August 2012 to October 2013, 35 infrared cameras we set in a 15 hm 2 Forest Plot and its surrounding areas of Nonggang National Nature Reserve, and the total work time of these cameras in the field added up to 12 427 days and totally 495 photos were obtained in relation to Lophura nycthemera and 381 independent photos. Three kinds of activity patterns indices （Day intensity index DII, Day behavior frequency ratio Pi, Month behavior frequency ratio Pj） were used in the research and its flocking behavior were analyzed. The results showed that: (1） Four diurnal activity peaks were observed for the individuals, and each activity peak of the females was one or two hours earlier than that of males; (2） The behavior of moving and foraging dominated the diurnal behavior of L. nycthemera, accounting for 51.33% and 37.20%, respectively, and the other four behaviors are in the order of vigilance （6.29%）, grooming（2.10%）, resting （1.68%）, conflicting （1.40%）. There were significant differences in moving （t=2.266, df=28, P=0.038） and vigilance （Z=-2.270，N=30，P=0.023） between male and female silver pheasants. (3） The frequency of foraging of the males in dry season was significantly higher than that in rainy season （t=0.252, df=13, P=0.026）, but there was no significant difference in other behavior frequency ratios between the dry season and the rainy season; （4） A flock size of L. nycthemera usually ranged 2 to 6 individuals and 2~3member flocks dominated the studied flocks up to 95.06%; (5） Femalefemale flocking, male male flocking and male female mixed flocking were three kinds of flocking patterns of L. nycthemera, and female female flocking mainly formed in rainy season, male female mixed flocking mainly happened in dry season （x2=6.984，df=1，P=0.008）. What L. nycthemera shows about activity rhythm,time budgets and flocking behavior is a kind of behavioral adaptation and survival strategy in the Karst.

Key words: infrared triggered camera techniques, Lophura nycthemera, activity rhythm, behavioral time budget, flocking behavior, Karst habitat

CLC Number: 

  • Q958.1
[1] HALLE S, STENSETH N C.Activity patterns in small mammals:an ecological approach[M]. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2000.
[2] AVILS J M.Time budget and habitat use of the Common Crane wintering in dehesas of southwestern Spain[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology, 2003, 81(7):1233-1238.
[3] 袁芳凯,李言阔,李凤山,等.年龄,集群,生境及天气对鄱阳湖白鹤越冬期日间行为模式的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2608-2616.
[4] 姜仕仁,郑肖锋,沈斌,等.笼养条件下两种鼠春季昼夜的活动节律比较[J].浙江科技学院学报,2006,18(1):19-22.
[5] 龙帅,周材权,王维奎,等.矮岩羊夏季活动节律,时间分配和集群行为[J].动物学研究,2009,30(6):687-693.
[6] 高玮.长白山陆地鸟类集群及年周期活动的研究[J]. 东北师大学报(自然科学版),1987(2):66-75.
[7] BEAUCHAMP G.Group-size effects on vigilance:a search for mechanisms[J].Behavioural Processes,2003,63(3): 111-121.
[8] 张正旺,倪喜军,梁伟,等.华北地区野生环颈雉集群行为的研究[J].动物学报,1996,42(增刊1):112-118.
[9] 张晓辉,徐基良,张正旺,等.河南陕西两地白冠长尾雉的集群行为[J].动物学研究,2004,25(2):89-95.
[10]郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2011:62-63.
[11]丁平,姜仕仁,石斌山,等.浙江西部山区白鹇生态的初步研究[J].动物学杂志,1992,27(3):20-23.
[12]熊志斌,余登利,谭成江,等.茂兰自然保护区白鹇种群数量与栖息地保护[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2003,20(2):200-204.
[13]郑家文,丁平,徐肖江,等.白鹇种群分布与栖息地斑块特征的关系[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):951-953.
[14]黄清山.福建茫荡山自然保护区白鹇栖息地研究[J].现代农业科技,2015(6):260-260.
[15]O’CONNELL A F,NICHOLS J D,KARANTH K U. Camera traps in animal ecology methods and analyses[J].New York: Springer,2010.
[16]O’BRIEN T G,KINNAIRD M F.A picture is worth a thousand words:the application of camera trapping to the study of birds[J].Bird Conservation International,2008,18(增刊1):S144-S162.
[17]李生强,汪国海,施泽攀,等.红外相机技术监测喀斯特生境兽类和鸟类多样性及活动节律[J].兽类学报,2016, 36(3):272-281.
[18]赵玉泽,王志臣,徐基良,等.利用红外照相技术分析野生白冠长尾雉活动节律及时间分配[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6021-6027.
[19]赵玉泽,曹婉露,余进,等.基于红外相机技术的白冠长尾雉集群行为研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(9):2513-2520.
[20]程松林,雷平,胡尔夷,等.江西武夷山自然保护区黄腹角雉昼间行为的红外相机监测[J].动物学杂志,2015,50(5):695-702.
[21]朱淑怡,段菲,李晟.基于红外相机网络促进我国鸟类多样性监测:现状、问题与前景[J].生物多样性,2017,25(10):1114-1122.
[22]广西壮族自治区林业厅.广西自然保护区[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993.
[23]邢茂卓,张志明,田恒玖,等. 笼养大斑啄木鸟行为时间分配和活动节律[J].动物学杂志,2013,48(1):95-101.
[24]蒋剑虹,戴年华,邵明勤,等. 鄱阳湖区稻田生境中灰鹤越冬行为的时间分配与觅食行为[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):270-279.
[25]Camera Data Team for Wildlife Diversity Monitoring. Camera data network of wildlife diversity monitoring:An online database[DB/OL]. Beijing:Institute of Zoology,CAS(2013-11-01)[2018-06-20]. http://cameradata.ioz.ac.cn.
[26]O’BRIEN T G,KINNAIRD M F,WIBISONO H T.Crouching tigers,hidden prey:sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape[J]. Animal Conservation,2003,6(2):131-139.
[27]赵正阶.中国鸟类志,上卷:非雀形目[M].吉林:吉林科学技术出版社,2001:382-384.
[28]高育仁,余德群.白鹇海南亚种的生态和现状[J].动物学研究,1995,16(4):353-358.
[29]王有辉,王虹.中国灰鹤的分布与数量现状[J].四川动物,2003,22(1):35-38.
[30]黄乘明.中国白头叶猴[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2002.
[31]蒋志刚,李春旺,彭建军,等.行为的结构、刚性和多样性[J].生物多样性,2001,9(3):265-274.
[32]高育仁.白鹇食性研究[J].动物学研究,1993,14(2):194-196.
[33]何运林.弄岗喀斯特季节性雨林凋落物量及养分元素的时空动态研究[D].桂林:广西师范大学,2015.
[34]杨岗,陆舟,余辰星,等.广西弄岗穗鹛不同季节的觅食地选择[J].动物学研究,2012,33(5):433-438.
[35]CHILDRESS M J,LUNG M A,CHILDRESS M J,et al.Predation risk gender,and the group size effect:does elk vigilance depend upon the behaviour of conspecifics?[J]. Animal Behaviour,2003,66(2):389-398.
[1] TANG Chuangbin, WANG Guohai, SHI Zepan, LI Shengqiang, HUANG Zhenhua, WANG Zhenxing, ZHOU Qihai. Activity Rhythm and Time Budget of the Red-bellied Squirrels (Callosciurus erythralus) Based on Infrared Camera Data [J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2020, 38(1): 133-139.
[2] WU Qian, HUANG Zhong-hao, YUAN Pei-song, DENG Feng-yun, ZHOU Qi-hai. Water Content of the Food and its Influence on Food Choice of Francois' Langur at Nonggang,Guangxi,China [J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2011, 29(4): 117-121.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] MENG Chunmei, LU Shiyin, LIANG Yonghong, MO Xiaomin, LI Weidong, HUANG Yuanjie, CHENG Xiaojing, SU Zhiheng, ZHENG Hua. Electron Microscopy Study on the Apoptosis and Autophagy of the Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by Total Alkaloids[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 36(3): 76 -79 .
[2] LI Yuhui, CHEN Zening, HUANG Zhonghao, ZHOU Qihai. Activity Time Budget of Assamese macaque (Macaca assamensis) during Rainy Season in Nonggang Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2018, 36(3): 80 -86 .
Copyright © Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 0773-5857325　E-mail: gxsdzkb@mailbox.gxnu.edu.cn
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd