Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition) ›› 2019, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 156-165.doi: 10.16088/j.issn.1001-6600.2019.03.018

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Activity Rhythm, Time Budgets and Flocking Behavior of Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera) in the Karst Habitat

LIU Jia1,2, LI Shengqiang1,2, WANG Guohai1,2, LIN Jianzhong1,2, XIAO Zhishu3, ZHOU Qihai1,2*   

  1. 1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;
    2.Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin Guangxi 541006, China;
    3.State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • Online:2019-07-12 Published:2019-07-12

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Abstract: From August 2012 to October 2013, 35 infrared cameras we set in a 15 hm 2 Forest Plot and its surrounding areas of Nonggang National Nature Reserve, and the total work time of these cameras in the field added up to 12 427 days and totally 495 photos were obtained in relation to Lophura nycthemera and 381 independent photos. Three kinds of activity patterns indices （Day intensity index DII, Day behavior frequency ratio Pi, Month behavior frequency ratio Pj） were used in the research and its flocking behavior were analyzed. The results showed that: (1） Four diurnal activity peaks were observed for the individuals, and each activity peak of the females was one or two hours earlier than that of males; (2） The behavior of moving and foraging dominated the diurnal behavior of L. nycthemera, accounting for 51.33% and 37.20%, respectively, and the other four behaviors are in the order of vigilance （6.29%）, grooming（2.10%）, resting （1.68%）, conflicting （1.40%）. There were significant differences in moving （t=2.266, df=28, P=0.038） and vigilance （Z=-2.270，N=30，P=0.023） between male and female silver pheasants. (3） The frequency of foraging of the males in dry season was significantly higher than that in rainy season （t=0.252, df=13, P=0.026）, but there was no significant difference in other behavior frequency ratios between the dry season and the rainy season; （4） A flock size of L. nycthemera usually ranged 2 to 6 individuals and 2~3member flocks dominated the studied flocks up to 95.06%; (5） Femalefemale flocking, male male flocking and male female mixed flocking were three kinds of flocking patterns of L. nycthemera, and female female flocking mainly formed in rainy season, male female mixed flocking mainly happened in dry season （x2=6.984，df=1，P=0.008）. What L. nycthemera shows about activity rhythm,time budgets and flocking behavior is a kind of behavioral adaptation and survival strategy in the Karst.

Key words: infrared triggered camera techniques, Lophura nycthemera, activity rhythm, behavioral time budget, flocking behavior, Karst habitat

CLC Number: 

  • Q958.1
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